Adapting Catholicism to Confucianism: Matteo Ricci’s Tianzhu Shiyi / Yu Liu.
Extract: The European Legacy, 2014, Vol. 19, No. 1, 43–59.
DOI: 10.1080/10848770.2013.860718.
Includes bibliographical notes (p.56-59.

ABSTRACT: Tianzhu Shiyi (The True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven) is the single most important proselytizing work of Matteo Ricci (1552–1610), the legendary founder of the early modern Jesuit China mission. Controversial since the early seventeenth century, it has been both praised and condemned for Ricci’s claim of a monotheistic affinity between Catholicism and Confucianism. Ricci’s gesture of friendship to Confucianism won him many Chinese friends and posthumously made him famous or notorious in Europe, but as this essay contends, it was never more than a tactical cover for him during his lifetime. Since the real purpose of his cultural adaptation was his unobtrusive engagement with the ancient Chinese philosophical idea of tianren heyi (humanity’s unity with heaven), what is ultimately so instructive about Tianzhu Shiyi is the light cast on Ricci’s intricate relationship with his Chinese friends and on the ironic twists and turns of his complex legacy.

The European legacy, toward new paradigms : journal of the International Society for the Study of European Ideas / sponsored by the European Cultural Foundation.

Local access dig.pdf  [Liu-Adapting Catholicism to Confucianism.pdf]

Beyond indigenization : Christianity and Chinese history in a global context / edited by Tao Feiya ; translated by Max L. Bohnenkamp.

Collection of essays translated from Chinese.
Includes bibliographical references and index.

Part 1. The Sinicization of Scripture and Thought. 1. The Chronology of the Tang Dynasty Jingjiao Nestorian Theologian Jingjing’s Writings and Translations in Relation to His Thought / Zhu Donghua –- 2. The Fountainhead of Chinese-Language Christian Theology: Matteo Ricci’s “Doctrine of the Sovereign of Heaven” and Proof for the Existence of God / Ji Jianxun – 3.  Interpretation of the Chinese Classics in a Cross-Cultural Linguistic Context: a Case Study of Antonio Caballero’s How Catholicism Was Sealed in Ancient Confucianism / Wu Liwei –- 4. The Transmission of Catholicism to the East and the Restructuring of Early Qing Literati Thought: a Study on the Intellectual Tide of “Venerating Heaven” / Liu Yunhua – 5. Interpretation and Divergence: Responses to the Dissemination of Jesus’s Image in Ming and Qing Society / Xiao Qinghe – 6. Mary in the Poetry of Heavenly Learning during the Ming-Qing Transition / Dai Guoqing – 7. Dismantling Followed by Construction: the Writing Strategies of Karl Gützlaff’s Chinese Christian Fiction / John Tsz-pang Lai – 8. From Children’s Instructional Textbook to Missionary Tool: the Publication History of the Christian Three-Character Classic from 1823 to 1880 / Guo Hong – 9. The Changing Image of Martin Luther in Late Qing China / Zhang Ke

Part 2. The Diversity of Conflict. 10. Communities of Catholic Virgins in the Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasties / Zhou Pingping – 11. The Entanglements of “Chastity” and “Sex”: a Case Study of Culture Clash in the Fu’an and Suzhou Religious Incidents (1746–1748) during the Qianlong Period / Kang Zhijie – 12. The 1906 Nanchang Religious Incident and the Chinese-Western Press War in Shanghai / Yang Xiongwei – 13. A Difficult Petition: the 1895 Christian Missionary Memorial to the Qing Emperor / Tao Feiya.

Part 3. Relations between Religions. 14. Reflections of the Relationship between Buddhism and Christianity during the Early Modern Era in The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal/ Yang Xiongwei and Wu Wenhui – 15. The Dialogue between Islam and Christianity in the Republican Era from the Perspective of Christian Missionaries: a Study of Isaac Mason’s “Conciliatory” Strategy of Literary Evangelizing / Liu Qinhua – 16. The Christian Fundamentalist Understanding and Critique of the “Charismatic Movement” in Republican Era China / Zhang Yongguang – 17. The Role of China in the Dissemination of Christianity to the Korean Peninsula in the Early Modern Era / Shu Jian./

Part 4. Beyond Religion. 18. Chinese and the Science of Language: the Search for a Chinese Research Methodology by Comparative Linguistics and Nineteenth-Century Sinology / Chen Zhe and Ding Yan – 19. The International Reform Bureau and the Origins of Collaborative International Drug Prohibition: a Case Study of the 1909 “International Opium Commission” / Zhang Yong’an – 20. Communism in the Discourse of Protestant Missionaries in China / Yang Weihua.

"The volume, edited by Tao Feiya and translated into English for the first time by Max Bohnenkamp, traces the history of Christianity in China and explores the dynamics of Christian practices in Chinese society. Its twenty chapters, written by Chinese scholars of history, span the development of Christianity in China from the era of the Tang Dynasty to the People's Republic of China. The four parts of the volume explore the Sinicization of Christian texts and thought, the conflicts within China between Christianity and Chinese institutions, relations between religious groups, and societal issues beyond religion. Taken together, this volume places the practice of Christianity in China into the context of world history, while investigating the particular and localized challenges of Christianity in China throughout history"-- Provided by publisher.

Local access dig.pdf. [Tao-Beyond Indigenization.pdf]

Link to BC Libraries for online access

Direct link to Brill eBooks

Loacal access dig.pdf. [Baker-Choson Chonjugyo.pdf]

Introduction. Aim ; Sources ; Method ; Previous research ; Motivation ; Structure and notational convention -- The preconditions for the dialogue. The legacy of Matteo Ricci for the Confucian-Christian dialogue ; Confucianism ; The Confucians who have mostly commented on the Christian doctrine of salvation ; The Christian concept of God in Chinese terms -- Confucian ideas of the Saviour in Christianity : the assimilation of God to the Chinese concepts of shangdi and tian. The neo-Confucian ideas of the assimilation; Cultural nationalist Confucian ideas of the assimilation; Modern Confucian ideas of the assimilation -- Confucian ideas of the object of salvation in Christianity : created humanity and its status. Human beings as part of creation; The status of human beings -- Confucian ideas of the means of salvation in Christianity. The existence of transcendence in Confucianism; The transcendece of the Christian God and that of the Chinese heaven; The superiority of the internal transcendence to the external transcendence -- Basic problems in the Confucian-Christian dialogue. The hidden differences between Confucian and Christian ways of thinking; Four obstacles in the Confucian-Christian dialogue; Affirmative elements in the Confucian-Christian dialogue.

Available online via USF Gleeson Library.
Local access dig.pdf. [Huang-Confronting Confucian Christian 2009.pdf]
See also Huang's 2006 work based on his dissertation.

Confucianism and Catholicism : reinvigorating the dialogue / edited by Michael R. Slater, Erin M. Cline, and Philip J. Ivanhoe.
Includes bibliographical references and index.

Introduction : reinviogorating the dialogue between Confucianism and Catholicism Part 1: Historical contexts : China, Vietnam, Korea, and Japan. The Aristotelian concept of substance introduced by early Jesuit missionaries to China and its problems in encountering Confucianism / Vincent Shen -- When Christian devotion meets Confucian piety : the teaching of the " Three Fatherhoods" in premodern Vietnam / Anh Q. Tan, S.J. -- The Zhongyong through a theistic lens : Tasan Chŏng Yagyong on how to be moral / Donald L. Baker -- Confucianism and Catholicism in mid-twentieth-century Japan / Kevin M. Doak -- Part 2: Comparative theology and philosophy. Mengzi, Xunzi, Augustine, and John Chrysostom on childhood moral cultivation / Xueying Wang -- Natural law in Mencius and Aquinas / Richard Kim -- Reimagining Confucianism with Ignatius of Loyola / Erin M. Cline -- "Exemplar Reasoning" as a tool for constructive conversation between Confucians and Catholics / Victoria S. Harrison -- Understandings of human failures to flourish in Catholicism and Confucianism / Lee H. Yearley -- Concluding reflections : Confucian and Catholic conceptions of the virtues / Philip J. Ivanhoe.

"Confucianism and Catholicism are among the most influential religious traditions and share a long and intricate relationship. Beginning with the work of Matteo Ricci (1552-1610), the nature of this relationship has sometimes generated great debate, which is still alive today. The ten essays in this volume continue and advance this long conversation. Written by specialists in both traditions, the essays are organized into two groups. Those in the first group focus primarily on the historical and cultural contexts in which Confucianism and Catholicism encountered one another in the four major Confucian cultures of East Asia (China, Vietnam, Korea, and Japan). These essays seek to understand specific figures, texts, and issues in light of those broader contexts. The essays in the second part offer comparative and constructive studies of specific figures, texts, and issues in the Confucian and Catholic traditions from both theological and philosophical perspectives. By bringing these historical and constructive perspectives together, this volume seeks not only to understand the past dialogue between these traditions, but also to renew and reinvigorate the conversation between them today. In light of the unprecedented expansion of Eastern Asian influence in recent decades, and considering the myriad of challenges and new opportunities faced by both the Confucian and Catholic traditions in a world that is rapidly becoming globalized, this volume could not be more timely. Confucianism and Catholicism: Reinvigorating the Dialogue will be of interest to professional theologians, historians, and scholars of religion, as well as those who work in interreligious dialogue"-- Provided by publisher.

Local access dig.pdf. [Confucianism and Catholicism.pdf]

Friendship and hospitality : the Jesuit-Confucian encounter in late Ming China /  Dongfeng Xu.

Includes bibliographical references (pages 245-265) and index.

Introduction -- Part One Friendship and the Jesuits -- 1 Striving for Divine Union: The Wholly Other and the Jesuit Vocation -- 2 Other Rhetoric: Reading Matteo Ricci's On Friendship -- Part Two Hospitality and the Confucians -- 3 The Subject of Hospitality and Sino-centrism: Theory and Chinese Cultural Background -- 4 Situating the Middle Kingdom: Matteo Ricci's World Map, the Wobbling Center, and the Undoing of the Host -- 5 Reforming the Calendar: The Ming Empire's Stairway to Heaven through the Jesuits -- 6 The Confucian Hospitality: Responding to the Jesuits -- Conclusion -- Notes.

Offers a comparative and deconstructive reading of the cross-cultural encounter between the Jesuits and their Confucian hosts in late Ming China.--OCLC note.

Librarian's note: While the focus of this study is on comparative concepts of friendship and hospitality, the text includes in-depth analysis of Ricci's 1602 Mappamondo, its layout, content, and background, and the Chinese critical response to it.  

Local access dig.pdf. [Xu-Friendship and hospitality.pdf]

Local access dig.pdf [Jesuits Macao & China RC.pdf]

Contents: Preface -- 1. Jesus -- 2. Jesus and Buddha -- 3. Jesus and Krishna -- 4. Jesus and Mahavira -- 5. Jesus and Nanak -- 6. Jesus and Confucius 孔子 -- 7. Jesus and Lao-tzu 老子 -- 8. Jesus and Zoroaster -- 9. Jesus and Moses -- 10. Jesus and Mohammed -- Index

"L'arrivée des Jésuites en Chine au XVIème siècle constitue le deuxième mouvement d'introduction sur le territoire chinois et dans sa culture, d'une pensée non chinoise. Cette étude porte sur les relations qu'ont entretenues les Jésuites à leur arrivée en Chine, avec les milieux confucéens. L'auteur suggère ici qu'une rencontre entre deux cultures bien différentes n'est pas toujours conflictuelle et ne se solde pas forcément par l'écrasement de l'une des des parties (comme ce fut le cas au XIXème siècle) ; il rend hommage aussi à Matteo Ricci (1552-1610). Sommaire : I) Etude de Matteo Ricci 1- La stratégie de propagande religieuse de M. Ricci 2- Les explications, un accord harmonieux 3- Les critiques à l'encontre des milieux confucéens II) Compréhension et réactions des mandarins [confucéens] vis à vis de la notion jésuite de 天 tian, à la fin de la dynastie des Ming (1368-1944) 1- Les relations nouées entre les mandarins et les Jésuites 2- Compréhension et acceptation 3- Résistances et critiques."--OCLC note.

編撰者簡介..................................................................................... 6
封面圖案解說..................................................................................7
序 ----- 曾慶文神父.................................................................... 10
李亮神父.......................................................................12
古匡昌老師.................................................................... 18
陳欣雨博士................................................................... 22
謝明光博士................................................................... 26
王雪迎博士....................................................................30
前言............................................................................................. 34
梵蒂岡第二屆大公會議 --- 教會的新里程碑................................... 41
敬祖在宗教祭禮的位置..................................................................51
中西傳統文化與教會傳統文化........................................................81
孝 --- 中國傳統孝的教育與西方對孝的觀念.................................. 121
婚禮儀式與敬祖傳統....................................................................134
中國傳統民俗習慣....................................................................... 155
從墓園、墓地的設計和安排反映傳統文化的特色..........................176
天主教教會對火葬的訓令顯示禮儀、禮節的統一性..................... 200
「敬祖」在長達三百年的中國禮儀之爭的焦點............................224
死亡與離別的面面觀................................................................... 243
喪禮禮節的目的.......................................................................... 256
因翻譯和使用不適當詞彙而產生的誤會....................................... 322
迷信與忌諱在日常生活的影響......................................................359
魂與魄.........................................................................................377
共融--- 未來的挑戰......................................................................388
結語............................................................................................395
參考資料.................................................................................... 412
文中提及的部份人物簡介............................................................ 438
訪談及筆者觀察記錄................................................................... 459
前輩/ 同儕意見
--- 周永權.................................................................................... 461
--- 盧婉卿....................................................................................462
致謝........................................................................................... 463
收入分配....................................................................................466
版權頁........................................................................................ 468

Local access dig.pdf. [Tsang-Jingzu.pdf]

陳拓：《君師之間：晚明思想場中的歐洲教宗制》，《漢學研究》（臺北）2024年3月第42卷第1期，第103-144頁

摘要：在歐洲啟蒙時代，中國曾被伏爾泰等奉為開明專制的典範，此學界所熟知；在晚明時期，歐洲教宗制也被國人視為中國政治的他山之石，此學界所鮮知。自明萬曆年間，善於捕捉中國思想風向的利瑪竇與艾儒略，即有意識地向中國士人宣揚教宗制具有主持教化、傳賢不婚、盛德無私、權大於君等優點。介於君師之間的教宗，很快成為晚明士人的討論話題：褒美者如葛寅亮、黃景昉、周應賓、張岱等，認為教宗制與儒家傳賢論、師道觀等契合，甚至讚譽教宗制超越三代，合孔子、墨子、老子、釋迦摩尼、齊桓公與晉文公於一人；而批評者則將教宗制斥為悖亂綱常、破壞治統的二主夷風。藉由點評教宗制，晚明士人的一些隱微思想得以輾轉吐露，多元聲音背後暗含著政治思想的分歧。明清鼎革後，君師合一的獨尊型政治格局逐漸奠定，師道淪為君權附庸，教宗制隨之淡出中國士人的論域。

關鍵詞：君權；師道；教宗；思想史；經學

Abstract and title also in English:
Chen Tuo, "Between Monarch and Master: Literati’s Diverse Interpretations of the Pope in Late Ming China"

Abstract: Scholars have discussed in depth how China was once regarded by Voltaire (1694-1778) and others as a paragon of enlightened absolutism during the Age of Enlightenment in Europe, but have largely overlooked the fact that Chinese literati also considered the European pope as a political model in the late Ming dynasty. Under the reign of the Wanli Emperor of the Ming, Matteo Ricci (1552-1610) and Giulio Aleni (1582-1649), both skilled at apprehending Chinese intellectual trends, intentionally promoted to the Chinese literati that the papal system had many advantages, such as taking charge of moralization, selecting successors by election rather than kinship, not marrying, being selfless, and having power over the emperor. The pope quickly became a controversial topic among literati in late Ming China. On the one hand, advocators such as Ge Yinliang 葛寅亮 (1570-1646), Huang Jingfang 黃景昉 (1596-1662), Zhou Yingbin 周應賓 (1554-1626), and Zhang Dai 張岱 (1597-1680) believed that the papal system was compatible with the Confucian abdication system and the way of the “master” 師. They even praised the papal system for having surpassed the “three earliest dynasties” and being able to combine the merits of Confucius, Mozi, Laozi, Shakyamuni, Duke Huan of Qi 齊桓公, and Duke Wen of Jin 晉文公 all into one individual. But on the other, critics denounced the papal system as a threat to the monarchical power. The divergent voices in these commentaries on the papal system reveal the subtle differences in late Ming literati’s political and ideological thoughts. After entering the Qing dynasty, the unity of the emperor and the “master” was gradually established, with the “master” becoming the subordinate of the monarchy. As a result, the topic concerning the papal system faded out of the Chinese literati’s discourse.

Keywords: Monarchical Power, The Way of Master, Pope, Intellectual History, Confucian Classics

Justice as Harmony: Rawlsian, Contractual Methodology for Reconstructing a Confucian Conception of Distributive Justice / Pino, John Ryan.

Title in Chinese at head of t.p. 正义与“和”：以罗尔斯的契约方法重构儒家之分配正义观念 [正義與「和」：以羅爾斯的契約方法重構儒家之分配正義觀念]
Thesis (Ph.D.)--中 国 哲 学 (Chinese philosophy)--Fudan University, 2017.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 134-138)

中文摘要
导言 ............... 5
第1 章 ........... 6
第2 章 ........... 7
第3 章 ........... 8
结论 ............. 10
Summary....... 13
Chapter 1 ............. 15
Chapter 2 ............. 16
Chapter 3 ............. 17
Conclusion .......... 19
Introduction ....... 22
What Is Distributive Justice? A Preliminary Discussion ..... 24
Justifying the Comparison .... 27
Three Types of Incommensurability ..... 29
The Objection from “Thick” Conceptions ..... 32
The Lexical Objection ...... 34
Setting the Stage ............ 36
Chapter 1: Confucianism’s Political Priority and Telos .... 39
1.1 First Things First: Confucianism’s Political Priority ... 39
1.2 Confucianism’s Political Telos: Harmony (He 和) ....... 43
1.3 Harmony in Context: The Relation of He with Confucian Virtues ... 48
1.3.1 Xiao 孝 ............... 49
1.3.2 Yi 義 ................... 51
1.3.3 Ren 仁 (and Shu 恕) .. 53
Chapter 2: Social Contract and John Rawls’s Theory of Justice as Fairness . 58
2.1 Social Contract Theory .......................... 58
2.2 A Theory of Justice: Rawls’s Anti-Utilitarian Contractualism .......... 59
2.3 The Basic Structure and a Well-Ordered Society ......... 61
2.4 The “Original Position” and “Veil of Ignorance” ......... 64
2.5 Justice as Fairness and the Two Principles of Justice .......... 66
2.6 Justice as Fairness and the Self ................ 69
2.7 Justice: Sense, Concept, and Conception/Theory .............. 73
Chapter 3: Reconstructing a Confucian Conception of Justice ........ 75
3.1 “Justice” in Confucianism? The Sense-Concept-Conception Distinction...... 76
3.1.1 The Concept of Justice in Confucianism ............. 76
3.1.2 Erin Cline on the Capacity for a Sense of Justice in Confucianism ........... 80
3.2 Toward a Confucian Contract: A Methodological Approach ....... 83
3.3 The Confucian Notion of Persons ............. 89
3.3.1 The Relational Self ...................... 90
3.3.2 Free? ..................... 92
3.3.3 Equal? ................... 93
3.3.4 Autonomous? ......... 95
3.3.5 Rational? ............... 99
3.3.6 Mutually Disinterested? ..... 100
3
3.3.7 Summary of the Confucian “Initial Situation” ...... 104
3.4 Confucian Principles of Distributive Justice ............... 105
3.4.1 Against the Priority of Liberty: A Principle of Harmony in Distribution ....... 106
3.4.2 A Confucian Difference Principle: Balancing Equality and Hierarchy . 109
3.4.3 Expanding on the Confucian Difference Principle with Xiao ......... 115
3.4.4 A Baseline of Material Sufficiency ................. 118
3.4.5 Equal Educational Opportunity with Unequal Outcomes ....... 123
Conclusion ............ 125
Weaknesses of This Approach and Potential Developments ....... 125
Sign of a Contract: Consider the Historical Ideal ........ 127
Sign of a Contract: Heaven’s Mandate (Tian Ming 天命) and the Stability Condition .... 128
Contemporary Relevance ........ 129
Conclusion ........... 131
Bibliography ...... 134
Acknowledgements .. 139

Local access dig.pdf. [Pino-Justice as harmony.pdf]

Introduction: Confucius, Kongzi and the modern imagination.
Part One. The Manufacture of Confucius and Confucianism:
The Jesuits, Confucius, and the Chinese -- There and back again: the Jesuits and their texts in China and Europe -- Interlude: the meaning and end of Confucianism: a meditation on conceptual dependence.
Part Two. Making sense of Ru and making up Kongzi:
Ancient texts, modern narratives: nationalism, archaism, and the reinvention of Ru -- Particular is universal: Hu Shi, Ru, and the Chinese transcendence of nationalism.
Epilogue: At century’s end: ecumenical nativism and the economy of delight.

Mat'eo Rich'i wa Chu Hŭi, kŭrigo Chŏng Yag-yong : "Ch'ŏnju sirŭi" wa Tong Asia yuhak ŭi chip'yŏng 마테오 리치 와 주 희, 그리고 정 약용 : "천주 실의" 와 동 아시아 유학 의 지평 / Kim Sŏn-hŭi chiŭm 김 선희 지음.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 555-566) and index.
Gift of the author.

『마테오 리치와 주희, 그리고 정약용』은 17세기와 18세기에 걸쳐 중국 및 조선을 중심으로 동아시아에서 일어났던 중세 기독교와 유교의 만남과 대화를 심층적으로 분석한 역작이다. 저자는 『천주실의』를 중심으로 관련된 기초 자료를 광범위하게 검토하였으며, 또한 내외의 관련 연구들을 꼼꼼히 살핌으로써, 예수회 선교사들을 통해서 중세 기독교가 어떻게 중국의 유교 문명에 적응하면서 자신을 변용하여 갔는지를 설득력 있게 분석하였으며, 또한 중국과 조선의 당대 지식인들이 그에 대응하여 유교적 중심을 잃지 않으면서 어떻게 적극적으로 반응하여 갔는지를 유려한 문체로 설득력 있게 설명하였다

文明前景 : 二十一世紀的新探索: 天道, 人性與文明 / 成中英. 異與同: 由一個比較觀點論世界倫理之可能性 / 劉述先. 文化危機與人性復甦淺議 / 章開沅.
自然生態 : 道德的生態觀: 宋明儒學仁說的生態面向及其現代詮釋 / 陳來. 基督教生態神學可向儒家學些甚麼? / 顧品超. 儒家傳統與基督宗教的自然律 / 趙敦華. 初探生態女性主義與傭家哲學中之自然觀 / 文潔華.
人性對觀 : 上帝形象與天命: 約翰﹒加爾文與李退溪的人性觀 / 金洽榮 [Kim Heup Young] (陳家富譯). 朱熹和田立克: 對人類境況詮釋的比較 / 區建銘. 基督教與中西文化傳統的人性觀 / 楊適.
人與社群 : 跨越邊界:希伯來《詩篇》與中國《詩經》對人性的想像 / 李熾且 (李凌瀚譯). 孔, 孟, 荀與潘霍華的群己觀: 從成人之追著眼 / 鄧紹光. 儒家與基督教的人格觀中關係的中心性地位 / 許志偉.
天人之際: 聖智者耶穌基督 / 李景雄. 天國與人間的緊張關係: 比較基督教與儒家的處理方法 / 陳特. 基督教的「內在與超越」神觀: 對劉述先「純粹超越神觀」的倒應 / 郭鴻標.
對話會通 : 批判與會通:論當代新儒家與基曾教的對話 / 鄭宗義. 全人修身的再思: 以轉化模式重新理解儒耶對話 / 費樂仁 [Lauren Pfister] (楊國強譯). 三重文化身份的融合: 中國現代歷史行程中的英家三代 / 梁元生.

Souvenirs et pensées.
”Dom Pierre-Célestin ... Ancien Premier Ministre et ancien Ministre des Affaires Etrangères de Chine, Moine bénédictin de l’Abbaye de Saint-André”--t.p.

1. General Introduction; 2. The Significance of Cross-cultural Missionary Translation; 3. Literature Review of Previous Studies on Missionary Translation: 1) Lamin Sanneh and the Translatability of Christianity; 2) Eugene Nida and the Christianization of Vocabulary; 3) Charles Kraft's Receptor-Oriented Communication Theory and William Smalley's Dynamic Equivalence Bible Translation; 4) The Post-colonial Translation Theories of Vincente Rafael and Tejaswani Niranjana; 4. The Thesis of the Study; 5. The Scope and Plan of the Study

CH. I. THE LATE SIXTEENTH-CENTURY EUROPEAN BACKGROUND OF THE EARLY JESUIT MISSIONARIES: RENAISSANCE HUMANISM AND THE INFLUENCE OF JESUIT THOMISM: 1. Introduction; 2. Renaissance Humanism and the Early Jesuit Educators; 3. The Jesuit Thomism at the Collegio Romano in the Late Sixteenth Century; 4. Thomas Aquinas' View on Human Capacity to Comprehend the Knowledge of God: Matteo Ricci's Application; 5. Thomas Aquinas on the Naming of God: Matteo Ricci's Application

CH. II. THE EARLY JESUIT MISSIONARIES' TRANSLATION OF THE DIVINE NAME: CASE STUDIES FROM JAPAN, PERU AND SOUTH INDIA: 1. Introduction; 2. Francis Xavier and Anjiro in Japan: The Dainichi 大日 Episode; 3. José de Acosta's Dios and the Peruvian Chroniclers' Viracocha and Pachacamac; 4. The "Relocated" Missionary Role of Roberto de Nobili and the "Relocated" Divine Name; in South India, Sarv>0uran

CH. III. MATTEO RICCI'S TRANSLATION OF THE DIVINE NAME, SHANGTI 上帝 AND THE WESTERN MISSIONARIES' RESPONSES: 1. The Divine Names of the Christian God Before Matteo Ricci: 1) The Nestorians' Strange Names of God: Buddha 佛陀, I-shen 一神 and Aloho 阿羅訶 ; 2) T'ien 天 as the Jewish YHWH among the Kaifeng 開封 Chinese Jews ; 3) The Franciscan Mission and the "Confused" Divine Names in the Multi-Linguistic Mongol-Yüan 元 Dynasty ; 4) Juan Cobo's Liao-shih 僚氏 in the T'ien-chu-chiao Shih-i 天主教實義 ; 5) Michele Ruggieri's T'ienchu 天主in the T'ien-chu Shih-lu 天主實錄 ; 2. Matteo Ricci's Identification of Deus with the Confucian Shangti: 1) The Missionary Life of Matteo Ricci: A Brief Biographical Survey ; 2) The Christian God Shangti in the T'ien-chu Shih-i 天主實義; 3. The Western Missionaries' Responses to the Riccian Term Shangti: 1) Introduction: The Early Chinese Term Controversy and the Chiating 嘉定Conference in 1628; 2) The Pro-Riccian Jesuits: A. Álvaro Semedö 曾德照 (1585-1658) in the Relação de Grande Monarquia de China; B. Alfonso Vagnoni 高一志 (1566-1640) in De nomine Xamti et Tien nomine Dei siu lus; 3) The Anti-Riccian Jesuits: A. Nicolo Longobardi 龍華民 (1565-1654) in the Responsio of 1623. B. João Rodrigues 陸若漢in the Letter of January 22, 1616; 4. Shangti and T'ienchu after 1644: A Brief Historical Survey.

CH. IV. Chinese Responses to the Strange Name of the Christian God: Shangti and T'ien of Neo-Confucianism; 2. The Divided Responses of Ming Intellectuals to the Divine Name of the Christian God, Shangti: 1) Introduction; 2) The Responses of the "Serving" Chinese Christians: A. Hsü Kuang-ch'i (1562-1633); B. Li Chih-tsao (1565-1630); C. Yang T'ing-yün (1562-1627); 3) The Responses of the "Permitting" Liberal Confucian Scholars: A. Li Tai (ca. 1531-1607); B. Yeh Hsiang-kao (1562-1627); C. Li Chih (1527-1602); D. Tsou Yüan-piao (1551-1624); E. Unidentified Confucian Scholars' Views in the Responsio; 4) The Responses of the "Opposing" Anti-Christian Intellectuals: A. Chu-hung (1535-1615) and the T'ien-shuo Sih-p'ien; B. Shen Ch'üeh, (?-1624) and the Nanking Persecution; C. Hsü Ch'ang-chih and his Collection of Anti-Christian Literature, the Shengch'ao P'o-hsieh-chi 聖朝破邪集 -- CONCLUSION: The Strange and Familiar Names of God in Cross-Cultural Missionary Translation: A Chinese Case -- Bibliography -- Index

Missions and localization in Chinese history -- The Taiping vision of world salvation -- The heavenly father and his non-divine sons -- A Confucianized Christian ethic -- Sacrifice and charisma in the heavenly kingdom -- Poetry and patriarchy in the heavenly palace.

Dedication ; Acknowledgments; Contents; Abbreviations; List of Figures ; Note on Sources; Chapter 1: Introduction; The "Distortion" of Christianity in the Taipings' Religion; The "Conflict" of Christianity and Confucianism; The Politicization of Hong's Early Religious Message; Vernacularization: The Cultural Impact of Christian Missions; Glocalization: A New Theoretical Framework; Chinese Sources; Structure of the Study; Chapter 2: Missions and Localization in Chinese History; Early Tang: The Nestorian Way in China; Late Ming: Ricci's Re-presentation of Christianity.

Early Qing: Dominican Exorcists in FujianStrategies of Adaptation and Instruments of Localization; Late Qing: The Protestant Missions to China; Protestant Missionary Work: The Foundation for a Localized Christianity; Chapter 3: The Taiping Vision of World Salvation; From Failed Scholar to the "True Ordained Son of Heaven"; The Problem: China's Departure from the "Great Path" of God; The Source: The "Serpent Devil" and His "Demonic Followers" on Earth; The Solution: Hong's Mission to "Destroy the Demons" and "Save the People"; Biblical Inspiration for Hong's Demon-slaying Mission.

The "Collective Enjoyment of Great Peace" on EarthThe Great Peace Utopia as a Confucianized Kingdom of Heaven; Implications of the Taipings' Localized Soteriology; Chapter 4: The Heavenly Father and His Non-divine Sons; The Two Natures of Christ and the Doctrine of the Trinity; An "Imposter" and "Anti-Christ": Missionary Reports on the Second Son of God; Taiping Anthropomorphism: The Heavenly Father and the Heavenly Wives; Taiping Monotheism: "The Heavenly Father Alone Is the One True God"; God, Jesus, and Hong: The Roots of the Heavenly Hierarchy.

Taipings and Missionaries: Different Theological PrioritiesChapter 5: A Confucianized Christian Ethic; Confucius Kneels Before Jesus: The Anti-Confucian Rhetoric of the Taipings; "Uprightness Is the Original Nature of Humankind"; The Heavenly Commandments: The Laws of the Upright; The Chief Transgressions: Licentiousness and Opium Smoking; A Christianized Doctrine of Filial Reverence and Loyalty; A Confucianized Christian Ethic or a Hybrid Moral System?; Chapter 6: Sacrifice and Charisma in the Heavenly Kingdom; Taiping Sacrifices: Animals, Delicacies, Rice, and Tea.

Yang Xiuqing: The "Holy Spirit" and "Wind of the Holy God"Charismatic Communications: The Heavenly Father "Instructs the Multitude"; The Healing Powers of the "Lord Redeemer of Sicknesses"; God Confronts His Son: The Politicization of Charismatic Authority; Yang's Charismata: A Model of Localized Christianity in China; Notes; Chapter 7: Poetry and Patriarchy in the Heavenly Palace; Poems of the Heavenly Father: Context of Production and Significance; The Taipings as "Liberators" of Chinese Women; The Feminine Ideal: Quiet, Submissive, and Chaste.

"This book examines the theological worldview of the Taiping Rebellion (1850-64), a Chinese revolutionary movement whose leader, Hong Xiuquan (1814-64), claimed to be the second son of God and younger brother of Jesus. Despite the profound impact of Christian books on Hong's religious thinking, previous scholarship has neglected the localized form of Christianity that he and his closest followers created. Filling that gap in the existing literature, this book analyzes the localization of Christianity in the theology, ethics, and ritual practices of the Taipings. Carl S. Kilcourse not only reveals how Confucianism and popular religion acted as instruments of localization, but also suggests that several key aspects of the Taipings' localized religion were inspired by terms and themes from translated Christian texts. Emphasizing this link between vernacularization and localization, Kilcourse demonstrates both the religious identity of the Taipings and their wider significance in the history of world Christianity"--Source other than Library of Congress.

Local access dig.pdf. [Kilcourse-Taiping Theology.pdf]

The forgotten Christians of Hangzhou / D. E. Mungello.

"Based on manuscripts from the once inaccessible former Jesuit library of Zikawei in Shanghai, this book breaks new ground in focusing on the generation that followed Matteo Ricci and other luminaries of the early China mission. Unusual in its coverage of both Jesuits and their Chinese literati converts, The Forgotten Christians of Hangzhou traces the development of the Christian presence in seventeenth century Hangzhou through the work of Jesuit fathers Martino Martini and Prospero Intorcetta, and Confucian scholar Zhang Xingyao, whose struggle to demonstrate the compatibility of Neo-Confucianism with the 'Lord of Heaven Teaching from the Far West' forms the focus of D. E. Mungello's penetrating study. Zhang and his fellow literati converts were in almost all respects highly orthodox Confucians who nevertheless regarded Christianity as complementary to, and in some respects transcending, Confucianism. Their search for an intellectual blending of the two religions shows that, contrary to important recent studies, Christianity was inculturated into seventeenth-century China far more than has been realized. Prior to their dissolution at the hands of a hostile imperial government a century later, the Hangzhou Christians had built one of the most beautiful churches in East Asia, a seminary for training young Chinese priests, a library and printing center, and a Jesuit cemetery. The church and cemetery have since been reopened and the works of Hangzhou Christians are preserved in libraries in Shanghai, Beijing, and Paris. These architectural and literary monuments help reconstruct the features of one of China's most colorful and historical cities and the experiences of some of her most remarkable inhabitants. The Forgotten Christians of Hangzhou not only tells us their story but adds a new dimension to our knowledge of the assimilation of Christianity by Chinese culture—a process that is still under way today."

The great encounter of China and the West, 1500-1800 / D.E. Mungello.
Includes bibliographical references and index.

1. Historical overview--2. Chinese acceptance of Western culture and Christianity: Jesuit accomodation, Jesuit conversions of the literati, Missionary antagonism with Chinese society, closing of Chinese minds (c. 1644), Chinese reaction to Christian paintings and engravings--3. Chinese rejection of Western culture and Christianity: basis of anti-Christian feeling in China, anti-Christian movements, European art at the Chinese court, among the Chinese literati-painters--4. European acceptance of Chinese culture and Confucianism: Chinese rites controversy, proto-Sinologists, Leibniz, Bouvet and Figurism, European view of the literati tradition, Confucianism versus Neo-Confucianism, influence of Chinese art upon European artists--5. European rejection of Chinese culture and Confucianism: China popularizers in Europe, Enlightenment idealization of Chinese moral and political system, differing views of polyhistors and philosophes, from white to yellow, Macartney mission (1792-1794).

Second copy in ASCC stacks (DS750.72.M86 1999 c.2).

Zhongguo guanshen fanjiao de yuanyin 中國官紳反教的原因 (1860-1874) / Lü Shiqiang zhu 呂實強著.
Cover title also in English: Origin and cause of the anti-Christian movement by Chinese officials and gentry, 1860-1874.
Includes bibliographical references.

Library has 3 copies + pdf: 1. Rm 102-103 ; 2. ASCC ; 3. Hardbound with inserted booklet and notes (ASCC)

Local access dig.pdf. [中國官紳反教的原因.pdf] & Origin and cause of the anti-Christian movement by Chinese officials and gentry, 1860-74.pdf]