Adapting Catholicism to Confucianism: Matteo Ricci’s Tianzhu Shiyi / Yu Liu.
Extract: The European Legacy, 2014, Vol. 19, No. 1, 43–59.
DOI: 10.1080/10848770.2013.860718.
Includes bibliographical notes (p.56-59.

ABSTRACT: Tianzhu Shiyi (The True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven) is the single most important proselytizing work of Matteo Ricci (1552–1610), the legendary founder of the early modern Jesuit China mission. Controversial since the early seventeenth century, it has been both praised and condemned for Ricci’s claim of a monotheistic affinity between Catholicism and Confucianism. Ricci’s gesture of friendship to Confucianism won him many Chinese friends and posthumously made him famous or notorious in Europe, but as this essay contends, it was never more than a tactical cover for him during his lifetime. Since the real purpose of his cultural adaptation was his unobtrusive engagement with the ancient Chinese philosophical idea of tianren heyi (humanity’s unity with heaven), what is ultimately so instructive about Tianzhu Shiyi is the light cast on Ricci’s intricate relationship with his Chinese friends and on the ironic twists and turns of his complex legacy.

The European legacy, toward new paradigms : journal of the International Society for the Study of European Ideas / sponsored by the European Cultural Foundation.

Local access dig.pdf  [Liu-Adapting Catholicism to Confucianism.pdf]

"The fascinating story of Matteo Ricci (1552-1610) changing himself while trying to change the religious faith of the Chinese has been told many times. As a Jesuit, Ricci pushed Christian evangelism by claiming a theistic affinity with Confucianism and by presenting himself as a defender of Confucian orthodoxy from Buddhism. Already in his day, Ricci’s unusual cultural adaptation was controversial; not surprisingly, scholarly studies have hitherto focused almost exclusively on variations of this controversy. Reacting mostly to Ricci’s account of events, this line of research has provided insight, but much more can be learned about the early-modern cross-cultural encounter of Europe and China if the perspective is broadened to include his intricate and intriguing relationships with his Chinese friends. With his distinctively different religiosity, personal charisma, and knowledge of European science and mathematics, Ricci impressed the social and cultural elite of late Ming China, many of whom befriended him and some of whom became Christian converts. However, between him and his Chinese friends there were always disagreements, resulting sometimes from a lack of understanding or misunderstanding, and sometimes even when they apparently understood each other perfectly. Followed closely as the investigative thread of this book, the many kinds of disagreement cast an unusual light on an otherwise long familiar subject and are instructive for the at times tense and even hostile, but in reality always mutually energizing relationship of both competition and complement between China and the West in the early twenty-first century"--p.4 of cover.

Introduction: The Useful Instructions of Disagreement -- Journey to the Far East -- Michele Ruggieri -- Matteo Ricci -- Chapter Outline -- Chapter 1. Preparing the Ground for Evangelism: Matteo Ricci's Terms of Endearment in Jiaoyou Lun -- The Politics of Affection -- The Popular Reception -- The Distinct Lack of Distinction -- The Implications of Rhetoric -- The Divergent Expectation and Fulfilment -- Chapter 2. Reading Theism into Confucianism: Matteo Ricci's Ambiguous Alliance in Tianzhu Shiyi -- Ruggieri's Catechism -- Ricci's Revision -- Harmonious Disagreement -- The Tactical Maneuver -- The Ambivalent Appreciation -- The Surprising Directions of Change and Legacy -- Chapter 3. Arousing Antagonism out of Buddhism: Matteo Ricci's Deliberate Provocation in Tianzhu Shiyi -- The All-out War -- The Erstwhile Peace -- The Calculated Change -- The Gain and Loss -- Measures of Cultural Understanding -- Chapter 4. Making Use of Stoicism: Matteo Ricci's Surprising Breakthrough in Ershiwu Yan -- The Incongruent Mutual Appreciation --Epictetus and Adaptation -- The Unexpected Triumph -- The Secret of the Appeal -- Chapter 5. The Ambiguity of Intimacy and Distance: The Exemplary Friendship of Qu Taisu -- An Unusual Acquaintance -- A Relationship of Mutual Satisfaction -- A Skeleton in the Closet -- Intimacy and Distance -- Signs of Ideological Disagreement -- Chapter 6. The Intricacies of Motivation and Benefit: The Catholic Faith of Xu Guangqi -- Life before Baptism -- The Complex Motivation -- The Delicate Intimacy -- The Ambiguous Benefit -- Chapter 7. The Attractions of Science and Spirituality: The Independent Journey of Li Zhizao into Catholicism -- Family History and the Fateful Encounter -- The Limitations of Attraction -- The Subdued Voice of Reservation -- The Conversion -- Science and Faith -- Chapter 8. The Many Kinds of Acceptance and Rejection: The Ideological Commitment of Yang Tingyun -- The Mingled Doctrinal Influences -- The Different Degrees of Spiritual Openness -- The Conversion -- The Acceptance and Rejection -- The Question of Faith -- Conclusion: The Enduring Lesson of History.

Introduction : Beyond Walpole and Chinoiserie -- The impetus for change : Chinese Sharawadgi and English horticultural naturalism -- The ambiguous contrast : the Oriental Tian (Heaven) and the Occidental Zhu (Deus) -- In the name of the ancients : Alexander Pope's iconoclastic georgic -- Landscape and freedom : Joseph Addison's affinity with nature -- The call of the wild : Shaftesbury's revolution of aesthetics and ethics -- The paradigmatic shift : the far eastern influence on western modernity.

1. Adrian Dudink 杜鼎克: Chinese Christian texts in the Zikawei 徐家匯 Collection in Shanghai: a preliminary and partial list.
42. Liu Yu 劉豫: Matteo Ricci’s friendship with Qu Taisu 瞿太素: a key to the fate of the Jesuit mission.
62. Translation of the Journal (1749-1750) of Lucas Augustinus Ly (Li Shiyin 李世音, Chinese Catholic priest), translated by Joseph Ruellen, M.E.P. & annotated by Robert Entenmann 鄢華陽.

Reviews: Ancestors, Virgins, and Friars: Christianity as a local religion in late Imperial China, by Eugenio Menegon (2009). [Review. Henrietta Harrison] -- The Birth of Orientalism, by Urs App ; German Orientalism in the Age of Empire: religion, race, and scholarship, by Suzanne L. Marchand (2009). [Review.Francis X. Clooney, SJ] -- Handbook of Christianity in China, Volume Two: 1800-Present, by R.G. Tiedemann (2010). {Review. D.E.M.} -- A Jesuit in the Forbidden City, Matteo Ricci, 1552-1610, by R. Po-chia Hsia (2010). [Review. Jocelyn M.N. Marinescu] -- Sojourners in a strange land: Jesuits & their scientific missions in late Imperial China, by Florence C. Hsia (2010). [Review.Joanna Waley-Cohen].