Lot 20 folder 3 : Account in Chinese (with Spanish translation) of the promotion of Carlo Tommaso Maillard de Tournon to the Cardinalate on Kangxi 46/vii/4 (2 Nov. 1709) after Pope Clement XI received word of his warm and gracious reception by the Emperor (in de Tournon’s letter of Kangxi 45/ix/13).
Writer and place unidentified. 1 folio, written on one side, folded in half, in clear calligraphy. Note on outside (in Chinese ink) says: "Notizia data del Cardinalrito ai 2. novembre 1709. del P. Agrudighio al Mandarino Ciu Lao ye, e a i Mandarini del P. Langasco a i 2. de Febr. 1710

General Notes on Lot 20:
Chinese texts are copies on rice paper in Chinese ink, probably by a secretary. Some are marked as having been sent (to Macau?) by Fr. Pedro Muñoz, o.p. (from Guangzhou?). Some have Latin translations, often in a fine secretarial hand, and attested by either Andreas Candela, the Patriarch's Chancellor, or by J.F. Martin de la Balvere - both in Macau. Some of the translations are in Spanish (by Muñoz?). The comments on the outside may be in the hand of Candela and contain details of provenance (often "con una Lettera del P. Muñoz"), summary of contents and dates. They are usually in Italian, sometimes in Latin (the Latin ones perhaps in a different hand).
Since they deal with the arrival of Pedrini & Co. early in 1710, they cannot come from this group of Italian Propagandists, but must come from one of de Tournon's suite, and not Sala who had already left for Europe. Some of the Chinese documents (e.g. 6, 21) have pronunciation notes added to the copy, especially regarding the pronounciation of names. Some (e.g. 25) have Latin notes and Italian notes in different hands. Probably all come from the Sala papers, and the annotations appear to be his, but perhaps as used later in Europe by one of the compilers of narratives of the legation, such as Cardinal Passionei. –- P. Rule.

CHINESE RITES CONTROVERSY. COLLECTION OF PAPERS PERTAINING TO THE CONTROVERSY AND TO THE VISIT OF CARDINAL MAILLARD DE TOURNON, including copies of letters and proclamations by Tournon and the Archbishop of Goa, an account of Tournon's audience with the Emperor, a letter by Claude Visdelou, Tournon's only Jesuit supporter in China, letters of support from Rome and Paris, letters by Franciscans to Tournon, a list of missionaries working in China between 1706 and 1708, a memorandum concerning the translation of the Roman missal into Chinese, a memoir on the Chinese practices at funerals, and a French translation of a number of maxims of Confucius, upwards of 70 items, various sizes, some in Chinese characters, some on rice paper, c.1705 to 1725.
鐸羅等. 有關禮儀爭論書信 (七十多件, 手稿) 一七〇五年 -- From Sotheby's "Philip Robinson" auction catalog, p. 23.

N.B. Descriptions for Lot 20 items are revisions of notes written by Dr. Paul A. Rule (folders 1-83) and Dr. Wu Xiaoxin (folders 1-28, which include Chinese documents), Aug. 1989 & July-Aug. 1991).

9585. Elenco delle spese fatte da mons. Tournon e sua comitiva nel viaggio da Roma e Madras (1702-1704)
9615. Lettere del Domenico Perroni (procuratore della Congragazione di Propaganda Fide in Cina) . Canton, 15 Nov. 1717.
“Notizia del viaggio &c. de l'Ill.mo Sig.r Abbate Giuseppe Ignazio Cordero del Mondo vì alla Cina in compagnia di S.E. il sig.r Card. Di Tournon”

Local access dig. folder [Cini-Tournon Mss]

Keywords: Tianzhu ; Da Ming guidian ; Beijing, Nanjing ; Jiali ; Ancestral tablets. Chongmiao ; Zhutang ; ancestral temples ; Maillard de Tournon, Carlo Tommaso, 1668-1710 ; Maigrot, Charles, 1652-1730 ; Catholic Church. Congregatio Sancti Officii. Catholic Church. Pope (1700-1721 : Clement XI).

Extraits des relations et des lettres venuës de la Chine & de Macao à Rome, au mois de septembre 1711 ... ou l'on voit la suite des persecutions & des traverses faites aux Missionaires ; la maladie & la mort de Mr le Cardinal de Tournon.

Bound with: Relation abregée de la nouvelle persécution de la Chine and Extraits des relations et des lettres venuës de la Chine & de Macao à Rome, au mois de septembre 1711 par Monsieur Charles Majel.

La missione del primo Legato pontificio Maillard de Tournon : all'origine delle relazioni tra Santa Sede e Cina (1622-1742) / Rui Zhang.

Includes bibliographical references (p. [209]-226 and index.

Nel 1622, con la Bolla Inscrutabili Divinae emanata da Papa Gregorio XV, la Sede Apostolica istituisce la Sacra Congregazione di Propaganda Fide per il coordinamento dell’attività missionaria e l’evangelizzazione dei popoli. Per i Pontefici di quel tempo, una delle questioni urgenti e irrisolte era legata alla lontana missione nel Celeste Impero e alla controversia sui Riti cinesi. Nel 1701, Clemente XI, appena intronizzato, decide di inviare, attraverso Propaganda Fide, un uomo di fiducia nella Città Proibita per incontrare l’Imperatore Kangxi, uno dei più rispettati e lungimiranti sovrani della storia cinese.
Il giovane Carlo Tommaso Maillard de Tournon, nominato Patriarca d’Antiochia e Visitatore Apostolico, con potestà di Legato a latere per i territori orientali delle Indie, dell’Impero della Cina e delle Isole adiacenti, inizia la sua missione con l’intento di creare una “corrispondenza” tra Roma e Pechino, di supervisionare l’attività degli stessi missionari e di sviluppare interscambi diplomatici, culturali e umani. La storia del suo mandato, ripercorsa con il puntuale riscontro di numerose fonti d’archivio, consente di ricostruire una fase significativa del primo incontro ufficiale tra Santa Sede e Cina, per molti aspetti decisivo per le successive relazioni culturali, politiche e religiose tra l’occidente cristiano e il popolo cinese.

Graphic resource*** Breve de Papa Clemente XI sulla nomina de Legato Apostolico, 4 luglio 1702, Archivio Apostolico Vaticano, Sec. Brev., Reg. 2509, f. 34r-38v. – Ritratto de Card. Maillard de Tournon. BAV Card.Folio.6 (2:67); Cons. (p.67) [Engraving of Tournon]. – G.G. Fatinelli Istoria della spedizione del Card. C. Th. Maillard de’ Tournon, Bibl. Casanatense, Roma, MiC, Ms. 1636 f.1r. - 2r. – Sacrificio di animali durante del culto di Confucio, Bibl. Casanatense, Roma, MiC, Ms. 1607, f. 3r – Piao 票…di Carlo Orazi da Castorano (1673-1755), frate francescano e Vicario della diocese di Pechino, APF, Indie Orientali e Cina, Miscellanea, vol. 17, f. 47r

Source: Sotheby’s catalog entry: The Library of Philip Robinson, Part II: the Chinese collection.
Lot 20. Chinese Rites Controversy. Collection of papers pertaining to the controversy and to the visit of Cardinal Maillard de Tournon, including copies of letters and proclamations by Tournon and the Archbishop of Goa, and account of Tournon’s audience with the Emperor, a letter by Claude Visdelou, Tournon’s only Jesuit supporter in China, letters of support from Rome and Paris, letters by Franciscans to Tournon, a list of missionaries working in China between 1706 and 1708, a memorandum concerning the translation of the Roman missal into Chinese, a memoir on the Chinese practices at funerals, and a French translation of a number of maxims of Confucius, upwards of 70 items, various sizes, some in Chinese characters, some on rice paper, c. 1705 to 1725.
鐸羅 【sic. 多羅】有關禮儀之爭論書信 （七十多件，手稿） 一七〇五到一七二五年
See catalog p.22-23.

General Notes on Lot 20:
Chinese texts are copies on rice paper in Chinese ink, probably by a secretary. Some are marked as having been sent (to Macau?) by Fr. Pedro Muñoz, O.P. (from Guangzhou?). Some have Latin translations, often in a fine secretarial hand, and attested by either Andreas Candela, the Patriarch's Chancellor, or by J.F. Martin de la Balvere - both in Macau. Some of the translations are in Spanish (by Muñoz?). The comments on the outside may be in the hand of Candela and contain details of provenance (often "con una Lettera del P. Muñoz"), summary of contents and dates. They are usually in Italian, sometimes in Latin (the Latin ones perhaps in a different hand).
Since they deal with the arrival of Pedrini & Co. early in 1710, they cannot come from this group of Italian Propagandists, but must come from one of de Toumon's suite, and not Sala who had already left for Europe. Some of the Chinese documents (e.g. 6, 21) have pronunciation notes added to the copy, especially re the pronunciation of names. Some (e.g. 25) have Latin notes and Italian notes in different hands. Probably all come from the Sala papers, and the annotations appear to be his, but perhaps as used later in Europe by one of the compilers of narratives of the legation, such as Cardinal Passionei. [Note by Paul Rule.]

A defense of the Padroado Real in connection with the dispute over the "Chinese rites, and the arrest of Cardinal de Tournon at Macao."--OCLC note from library of C.R. Boxer.

Although Fr. Chan cites the Grande Enciclopedia Portuguesa e Brasilera below, the catalog note from the National Library of Australia reads:

This man probably never existed being possibly a name used by the Jesuits to set forth their point of view in the disputes promoted by Cardinal Tournon in China. The Jesuit General did not wish further controversy, hoping that the other orders would likewise leave matters in abeyance. However this was not to be, and the Jesuits felt that something should be done, hence this book which was printed from wood block xylographic process probably at Macao, and not Hiang Xan, the Chinese district near Macao. See also Vera ac Sineera Historic Actrum 1707 in Braga Books in N.L.A.

----------------------------------

Citation: Albert Chan, S.J., Chinese books and documents in the Jesuit Archives in Rome, p.465-468.
Jap-Sin II, 173

Relacion sincera y verdadera de la justa defension de las Regalias y privilegios de la Corona de Portugal en la Ciudad de Macao. Escrita por el Doctor D. Felix Leal de Castro en la misma Ciudad. A 4 de Febrero de 1712.
Spanish book written on bamboo paper.
One volume with a paper cover.
Printed in Xiangshan district 香山 (Guangdong) in 1712.
Forty-nine folios, in addition to the back and title page. 23 x 16 cm.

According to the Grande Enciclopedia Portuguesa e Brasilera, vol. 6, the author was a Doctor of Law from the University of Coimbra, who lived at the end of the seventeenth and the beginning of the eighteenth century. For a number of years he resided in Macao, where he published the Relacion sincera. The Encyclopedia Portuguesa Illustrada Diccionario Universal (Porto, no date), vol. II, p. 647, says that he resided in Goa for many years where he published his book in Spanish, and this was printed in Macau in 1712.
This book begins with the arrival of the Papal Legate Maillard de Tournon in Macao in 1705, his expulsion from Peking, his detention by order of the K’ang-hsi emperor in Macao (30 June 1707) and the subsequent events. It is divided into fifteen sections, giving a fairly detailed account of the story. As a loyal subject of the king of Portugal he naturally defended the jurisdiction of the crown. The book begins, thus:

Having read a relation by an anonymous author under the title: Breve Relación de las violencias, que tiene padecidas el convento del Orden de San Agustín de la Ciudad de Macao, por la obediencia alla Silla Apostólica en su Legado [i.e., A brief account on the violence inflicted on the convent of the Order of St. Augustine in the city of Macao, as a result of its obedience to the Holy See in its Legate]. I deemed it necessary to apply the antidote right away against this poison before it affects the body of the Catholic Church, which might cause universal scandals. It might also bring great infamy to the Portuguese nation. It could do serious damage to people, primarily to the Viceroy and the high officials of the East Indies, to the bishop and the Captain General of Macao.

We do not know the author of the Breve Relación against whom de Castro wrote this tract in defense of the Portuguese crown. It was published in Macao on 17 January 1712. A month later de Castro published his paper in which he focused on the main points of the accusations. The following are some of these points:

1. When de Tournon arrived in Macao on 2 April 1705, he did not want to enter the city but went to stay with the Jesuits on a small island nearby. He then handed to the bishop of Macao a Brief of Pope Clement XI, dated 30 January 1702, which showed that he had no jurisdiction over the bishop or the city of Macao, but rather only over the missioners and the newly converted in China (pp. 1–3).
2. With regard to the Brief given on 30 October 1706, in which the Pope disapproved the actions of the Archbishop of Goa against the jurisdiction of de Tournon, it is said that in a letter of the said Archbishop, dated 4 May 1711, he confessed that up to then he had not received any brief from the Pope concerning the jurisdiction of the Papal Legate. Hence the conclusion was that either the brief is not genuine or it might have been given in a moment of necessity, namely, to console the Legate (pp. 3–5).
3. In 1707 the bishop of Macao had already received replies from the Viceroy and from the Archbishop of India to the effect that the Papal Legate had the intention of exercising his jurisdiction in the city and diocese of Macao and in other bishoprics of the Portuguese crown without first presenting the Papal Bulls. The king, however, objected to this. In Goa a meeting among jurists and theologians was held and they were of the opinion that the Papal Legate should by no means be allowed to use his jurisdiction under any circumstances. In May 1706 the Viceroy of India ordered the bishops of Macao, China and Malacca, and also the Captain General not to allow the Papal Legate to exercise his jurisdiction (pp. 5–9).
4. On 30 June 1707 the Papal Legate arrived in Macao, exiled by the Chinese emperor. He told the Captain General that if he, the Captain General, had orders from the Viceroy of India, he had the contrary orders from the Pope and the latter must obey these. On 6 July 1707 the Papal Legate excommunicated the Jesuit provincial Francisco Pinto (He Dajing 何大經, 1662–1731). That same day the Captain General had a talk with Fray Constantino, Prior of the Convent of St. Augustine. The latter denied that the orders came directly from the king and attributed them to the Viceroy. He therefore insisted that he was obliged to obey the Papal Legate. As a result the Captain General put guards around the Augustinian convent and entrance was allowed only to those who had permission from the Captain General (pp. 9–17).
5. The Augustinian Prior was regarded as disloyal to the Portuguese crown because he had received the Papal Legate to his convent. It was declared that all who disobeyed the royal edict would be considered unfaithful to the crown and would be subjected to imprisonment and deportation to Goa (pp. 17–18).
6. The Augustinian Prior was given a choice: to serve in prison or to leave for Goa. He chose the second and left for Goa in January 1708. In Goa he did all he could to help the Papal Legate to exercise his jurisdiction, but without result (pp. 18–20).
7. Three letters from the king of Portugal (April 1709) to the Jesuit, Dominican and Augustinian provincials telling them to send back their subjects who had recognized the jurisdiction of the Papal Legate (pp. 20–22).
8. A ship from Manila arrived in Macao in November 1708, which brought the news that the Papal Legate had been promoted to the cardinalate. There was a consultation between the Captain General and the Senate and it was decided to remove the restriction on the Papal Legate. Honorary guards were stationed at the Augustinian convent and visitors were free to go in and out. The free entrance to the convent brought many visitors to the Papal Legate, especially non-Portuguese missioners who had been expelled from China because they had refused to take the piao 票 , as ordered by the emperor. This strengthened the jurisdiction of the Papal Legate. It is to be noted that when the Chinese Mandarins noticed the withdrawal of the Portuguese guards from the Convent, they put Chinese guards in their place and restricted the number of visitors to the Papal Legate. Later when the Chinese emperor had been fully informed about the Papal Legate’s death, he ordered the removal of the guards. Meanwhile Spanish and Portuguese religious who were in favor of the Papal Legate, resisted the authority of the Captain General and the convent was once more being guarded by soldiers. The religious were taken to a fort and eventually were sent to Goa (pp. 22–32).
9. On 26 July 1710 a ship arrived in Macao from Goa with the order of the Viceroy of Goa which forbade obedience to the Papal Legate. It also brought the news that an order had been received from the king, dated 22 March 1708, that the bishop of Macao should on no account submit to the jurisdiction and the orders of the Papal Legate, which he made while staying either in Macao or in China. At the time these orders reached Macao, however, the Papal Legate had already died (8 June 1710) (pp. 32–34).
10. The differences between the Augustinians and the Jesuits in Macao. (1) The Augustinians obeyed one sole Brief of the Pope which did not establish clearly the jurisdiction of the Papal Legate in Macao and they disobeyed many Bulls given by many popes to the Portuguese king. The Jesuits, however, did the opposite. (2) The Augustinians defended a magistrate who had proclaimed an official of the Holy Office, while the Jesuits defended the official of the Holy Office who had been declared as a criminal by the magistrate (pp. 34–37).

For the mission of de Tournon to Peking, see Francis Rouleau, S.J., “Maillard de Tournon, Papal Legate at the Court of Peking, the first imperial audience (31 December 1705),” AHSI 31 (1962), pp. 264–323:

Unhappily, the glowing enthusiasm that characterized its beginnings was short-lived. Within a matter of months the royal benevolence gradually changed to suspicion, then to acts of irate truculence, climaxed at last by what amounted to a curt dismissal from the country. With anguished soul and ailing in body the Legate set out from Peking (28 August 1706) on the long, tedious journey southward by canal boat, first to Nanking for a halt of three months, then down to the terminal port of Canton where at rare intervals a French or English vessel could be expected for the China merchant trade. But journey’s end was the prelude to tragedy, not embarcation. Scarcely had the disgraced prelate reached Canton than he was overtaken by a fresh imperial mandate that, instead of departure for Europe, now ordered his transfer to the nearly Portuguese enclave of Macao. He was to be detained there as “hostage” (Tournon’s own expression) until two Jesuit messengers returned from Rome. (p. 265)

De Castro’s account gives a fairly detailed picture of the Papal Legate in Macao after his return from Peking in 1707 and thereafter. If we combine Rouleau’s article with this book we have a substantial outline of the mission of de Tournon in China. De Castro in his paper, however, kept silent about the death of the Papal Legate. The question was perhaps too delicate to be mentioned since it necessarily involved the Holy See, and furthermore, in Rome there was Cardinal Ganganelli, an uncle of the Papal Legate. “15 de Janeiro de 1712. Deste dia em diante ficou o convento de Santo Agostinho e a sua igreja sob a administração do Ordinário, pela ausência dos padres daquele convento, que foram presso para Goa à ordem do Vice-Rei, e o motivo porque foram presos foi o das controvérsias do patriarcha de Antioquia, a quem sempre estes tão sòmente prestaram obediência, o que tudo consta com exacção na Relação impressa em Roma, por ordem do cardenal Ganganelli, tio do dito patriarcha.” (Colleção de varios factos, etc.); cf. Manuel Texeira, Macau e a sua Diocese, vol. III, (Macau, 1956–1961).

Cf. Streit, BM 7:184 (no. 2766); Boxer, pp. 207–208 (no. 9), 210 (photocopy of title page); Paul Pelliot, “La Brevis Relatio,” T’oung Pao 23 (1924), p. 359, n. 3.

Local access Digital Archives ARSI Jap-Sin I-IV folder [Jap-Sin II, 173]

Online at ARSI via Internet Archive.

Relation abregée de la nouvelle persécution de la Chine : tirée de la relation composée à Macao par les missionnaires de l'ordre de saint Dominique, qui ont été chassés de cette mission. Traduite de l'italien / par le R. P. Francois Gonzáles de S. Pierre.
Spine title: Relat. de la Chine. Library device : Bibl. Major. 徐家匯 [ZiKaWei] B.XVIII L 37
Because of the obligatory piao, González de San Pedro was expelled in 1708; famous for this anti-Jesuit report (1710) about the Tournon legation (1705-1710). Cf. Standaert, N., Handbook of Christianity in China, vol. 1, pp. 324, 561, 619.

Bound with: Extraits des relations et des lettres venuës de la Chine & de Macao à Rome, au mois de septembre 1711, and Oraison funèbre de l'Eminentissime Charles-Thomas Maillard, Cardinal de Tournon, légat apostolique dans la Chine et les Indes orientales, prononcée dans la Chapelle du Pape le 27 de novembre 1711 par Monsieur Charles Majel.

Note: "...Marcelo Angelita, formerly secretary to Cardinal Maillard de Tournon, papal legate to China until his death in 1710 ..." OCLC# 34861030
For documents included see Streit, R. Bibliotheca missionum, v. 7, no. 2719. ; Streit, R. Bib. missionum, VII:2768
"Oratio habita in sacello pontificio v. kal. Decembris A.D. MDCCXI in funere ... Caroli Thomae Maillard de Tournon Apostolici ad Sinas, & Indias Orientales legati a Carolo Majello ...": p. [45]-58.
"Decretum Sanctissimi Domini Nostri Clementis Papae XI" : p. 59-61.
[No OCLC record describes this 63 page edition.]