"Following the prohibition of missionary activity after 1724, China's Christians were effectively cut off from all foreign theological guidance. The ensuing isolation forced China's Christian communities to become self-reliant in perpetuating the basic principles of their faith. Left to their own devices, the missionary seed developed into a panoply of indigenous traditions, with Christian ancestry as the common denominator. Christianity thus underwent the same process of inculturation as previous religious traditions in China, such as Buddhism and Judaism. As the guardian of orthodox morality, the prosecuting state sought to exercise all-pervading control over popular thoughts and social functions. This study therefore presents the campaigns against Christians during this period as part and parcel of the campaign against 'heresy' and 'heretical' movements in general." -- Publisher description.

Defining the research parameters -- Aims and structure -- Our sources : a word of caution -- Geography -- Through inculturation to Chinese Christianity -- Accommodation and inculturation -- Japan's 'hidden Christians' -- The evolution of Chinese Christianity -- Christian missions and popular religious culture -- The philosophical background -- Christianity and the Manchurian elite -- Late imperial Christianity : popular cult or alien creed? -- Filial sons and a world of demons -- Ancestral tablets and auspicious inscriptions -- Interaction with other movements -- Peasant millenarianism and Christian theology -- Guilt, sin, universal harmony -- Healing and black magic -- Death and afterlife -- Materialism and superstition : attitudes towards religious discipline -- Matrimony and filial duty -- Inherited identity in Christian villages -- Itinerant Christians, private religious practice, and the interest of the state -- A protective father : official perceptions of Christianity and government action against sectarian movements -- The philosophical basis for anti-heresy campaigns -- The Confucian order and the importance of family ties -- State-sanctioned orthodoxy and 'heresy' -- Christianity as target : a chronology of state action -- The Yongzheng Edict of 1724 -- The Qianlong and Jiaqing reigns (1736-1821) -- The Adeodato Affair and the persecution of 1805 -- The persecution of 1811 and its aftermath -- Relaxation of anti-Christian state action during the Daoguang period -- The perplexed official : Christianity as heterodox mystery -- The official description of heresy -- 'Heretical' writings -- Christianity as internal menace -- Between social control and official paranoia -- Poverty and persecution -- The state versus Christian 'heresy' -- Christianity as alien intrusion -- Conclusion : Chinese Christianity and the fear of 'heresy'.

Ecclesiastical colony : China's Catholic Church and the French religious protectorate / Ernest P. Young.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 351-374) and index.

Emergence of the French religious protectorate -- Church and protectorate under the treaties -- Defending the protectorate in the late nineteenth century -- Collecting indemnities and enduring criticism -- Complexities of Jiao'an in the early twentieth century: Sichuan and Jiangxi -- Reform agendas for the missions -- Dissidence and Catholic patriotism in Tianjin -- Petitioning Rome -- Vatican engages and Catholics in China respond -- Papacy's new China policy -- Falling short.

Keywords: Vincent Lebbe ; Alphonse Favier ; Boxer indemnities ; Maryknolls ; Maximum illud (apostolic letter) ; Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith.

Local access dig.pdf. [Young-Ecclesiastical Colony.pdf]

Abstract
A Lifanyuan-centered inquiry into Qing history raises statecraft-focused questions: which workings of the Qing statecraft actually accomplished the integration of the Inner Asian people? How were the tensions in the relationship between Inner Asia and the long-lasting dynastic center overcome?
This paper presents an analysis of Lifanyuan governance through ‘social systems’, on which the center-periphery relations were built, and of Lifanyuan management of ‘social entities’, in which the local Inner Asian communities were organized following their own conventions but under Qing supervision. The banner system for the Mongols, the Dalai-amban system for the Tibetans inside heartland Tibet, the tusi system for the Amdo Tibetans in Qinghai, and the beg system for the Muslim Uighurs in Xinjiang preserved and sustained four types of social entities centered on each people’s culture and identity. Considering the growing studies of borders and frontiers in relation to concepts of nation, state, and empire-state, this study treats Lifanyuan as a historical “agent” in the Qing Empire formation during the 17th and 18th centuries and discusses its long-term impact on China reaching up to the 21st century.

Local access [Chia-Lifanyuan Diversity Management.pdf].
Available online.

编者前言 -- 序一"中华归主"与"主归中华" / 章开玩 -- 序二中国基督教史研究的三个阶段 / 裴士单(Daniel H. Bays)
中国基督徒的身份与认同:
严漠的困惑: 18世纪儒家天主教徒的认同危机 / 李天纲 -- 纽约协和神学院与中国基督教会 / 徐以拌 / "九一八"之后中国基督徒对战争与和平问题的思考与讨论/姚西伊
走向本色教会之路:
美北长老会与华南基督教会的本色化过程 / 吴义雄 -- 路径与困境:岭东长老会自立运动个案研究 / 胡卫清 -- 复原还是趋新:中国农村教会走向的思考一一以泰安马庄北新庄教会为例 / 陶飞亚
中国教会人物研究:
余日章政教观之研究 / 王成勉 -- 从差会到教会:诚静怡的本色教会思想解析 / 刘家峰 -- 解读韦卓民博士之让基督教会在中国土地上生根 / 吴梓明 -- 寻找真实的信仰 : 赵紫庚的宗教经验 / 邢福增 -- 周联华的唯爱观与本色神学 / 吴放兴 -- 基督教与近代中国民族主义的形成 : 一个华人基督徒人际网络的考察 / 朱峰
角色与性别:中国女基督教徒群体研究
贞节故事:近代闽东的天主教守贞女群体与地域文化 / 张先清 -- 百年变迁中的守望 -- 20世纪上海地区天主教修女的生活史 / 李雯文.

I INTRODUCTION. Imperialism. the China Project. and the Vicissitudes of Accommodation. II MACAO. Between Amicitia and lmperium: Matteo Ricci's Strategies and Imperial Contexts. Ill MANILA. Evangelical Imperialism and its Critics: Alonso Sánchez and the Synod of Manila. IV MEXICO. Quintilian and the American Indians: José de Acosta’s Anti-War Polemics. V CONCLUSION. Power. Protection. and Inculturation: A Question Of Interpretation.

Chinese practices related to ancestors have long been the subject of conflicting interpretations. These practices are rooted in the lived experience of practitioners, and therefore need to be considered as embodied expressions of the quest for existential meaning. For practitioners, the achievement of existential meaning requires the inclusion, implication and mediation of the ancestors. When gestures in ancestor rites are analysed from this perspective it is possible to appreciate their essence as constitutive of 'ancestor religion'. This book uses an inquisitive method that investigates the discrepancies between foreign and local explanations, and proposes another hermeneutic framework for ancestor related praxes.--OCLC note.

Rites Controversy: An Illustration of Power Relations in InterpretationConclusion; Chapter 4: "Our" Perspective: The Indigenous Explanation of Ancestor Rites; Introduction; Church- or Christian-Related Native Responses; Chinese Catholic Converts' Contribution to the Rites Controversy; The Sacrifices Were Not Religious; A Lexicology; Apologetics; The Historical Impact of Chinese Converts' Writings; 祭天敬祖: A Chinese Catholic Response to a Crucial Point in the Rites Controversy; Protestant Responses to Ancestor Rites; Awareness of the Problem; Historical Development.

Intro; Preface; Acknowledgments; Contents; Chapter 1: Introduction: Are Ancestors a Problem?; Chapter 2: The Hermeneutic Challenge of Ancestor- Related Practices; Introduction; Conceptual Issues; Hermeneutics; Why Hermeneutics?; Ad hoc or Implicit Hermeneutics; Nicolas Standaert's Hermeneutics of Cultural Encounters; Ancestors; Plural Naming of the Celebrated Remembrance of the Dead; Ancestor Rites; Ancestor Ritual; Ancestor Worship: Ancestor Cult or Ancestor Veneration?; Traditional Religion? Why Not Ancestor Religion ... ; Built-In Structure of Ancestor Rites; Three Interpretative Ingredients.

Interpretation of Ancestor Rituals and Tradition Interpretation and Power; Salvation/Wholeness/Integrity; Conclusion; Chapter 3: The Conflict of Interpretation of Chinese Ancestor Rites; Introduction; Stages of Encounter between Christianity and Chinese Culture; Early Chinese Christianity and the Problem of Ancestor Rites; Ancestor Rites in the Stories of Christian Visitors to the Yuan Dynasty; Matteo Ricci's Perception and Appraisal of Ancestor Rites; Information Related to Ancestor Rites; The Methodological Ground of Ricci's Appraisal of Ancestor Rites.

Concluding Summary of Ricci's Appraisal of Ancestor Rites: One of the Points of the Chinese Rites Controversy; Sinology and the Quest for the Meaning of Chinese Ancestor Rites; An Interpretation in View of Mission; Ancestor Rites: An Attraction for Human Sciences; A Practical Answer to a Theoretical Problem; The Methodological Contribution; The Protestants' Assessment of and Responses to Ancestor Rites; Power Relations and the Appraisal of Ancestor Rites; Political and Institutional Power Relations; Conceptual and Ideological Conditioning.

A Three-Step Pattern in Indigenized Christian Responses-The Three-Step Structure at Work; Concluding Observations on the Protestant Indigenous Response; The Academic Environment; The Core of Chinese Religion (s); Chinese Mainland Scholars' Responses to Foreign Assessments of Ancestor Rituals; Direct Responses; Indirect Responses; A Critical Enrichment of Foreign Interpretations; Concluding Summary of Chinese Indigenous Responses; Chapter 5: Existential Practical Hermeneutics of Ancestor Religion; Introduction; Why Practical or Existential Hermeneutics?--[See OCLC #1020790434]

Missions and localization in Chinese history -- The Taiping vision of world salvation -- The heavenly father and his non-divine sons -- A Confucianized Christian ethic -- Sacrifice and charisma in the heavenly kingdom -- Poetry and patriarchy in the heavenly palace.

Dedication ; Acknowledgments; Contents; Abbreviations; List of Figures ; Note on Sources; Chapter 1: Introduction; The "Distortion" of Christianity in the Taipings' Religion; The "Conflict" of Christianity and Confucianism; The Politicization of Hong's Early Religious Message; Vernacularization: The Cultural Impact of Christian Missions; Glocalization: A New Theoretical Framework; Chinese Sources; Structure of the Study; Chapter 2: Missions and Localization in Chinese History; Early Tang: The Nestorian Way in China; Late Ming: Ricci's Re-presentation of Christianity.

Early Qing: Dominican Exorcists in FujianStrategies of Adaptation and Instruments of Localization; Late Qing: The Protestant Missions to China; Protestant Missionary Work: The Foundation for a Localized Christianity; Chapter 3: The Taiping Vision of World Salvation; From Failed Scholar to the "True Ordained Son of Heaven"; The Problem: China's Departure from the "Great Path" of God; The Source: The "Serpent Devil" and His "Demonic Followers" on Earth; The Solution: Hong's Mission to "Destroy the Demons" and "Save the People"; Biblical Inspiration for Hong's Demon-slaying Mission.

The "Collective Enjoyment of Great Peace" on EarthThe Great Peace Utopia as a Confucianized Kingdom of Heaven; Implications of the Taipings' Localized Soteriology; Chapter 4: The Heavenly Father and His Non-divine Sons; The Two Natures of Christ and the Doctrine of the Trinity; An "Imposter" and "Anti-Christ": Missionary Reports on the Second Son of God; Taiping Anthropomorphism: The Heavenly Father and the Heavenly Wives; Taiping Monotheism: "The Heavenly Father Alone Is the One True God"; God, Jesus, and Hong: The Roots of the Heavenly Hierarchy.

Taipings and Missionaries: Different Theological PrioritiesChapter 5: A Confucianized Christian Ethic; Confucius Kneels Before Jesus: The Anti-Confucian Rhetoric of the Taipings; "Uprightness Is the Original Nature of Humankind"; The Heavenly Commandments: The Laws of the Upright; The Chief Transgressions: Licentiousness and Opium Smoking; A Christianized Doctrine of Filial Reverence and Loyalty; A Confucianized Christian Ethic or a Hybrid Moral System?; Chapter 6: Sacrifice and Charisma in the Heavenly Kingdom; Taiping Sacrifices: Animals, Delicacies, Rice, and Tea.

Yang Xiuqing: The "Holy Spirit" and "Wind of the Holy God"Charismatic Communications: The Heavenly Father "Instructs the Multitude"; The Healing Powers of the "Lord Redeemer of Sicknesses"; God Confronts His Son: The Politicization of Charismatic Authority; Yang's Charismata: A Model of Localized Christianity in China; Notes; Chapter 7: Poetry and Patriarchy in the Heavenly Palace; Poems of the Heavenly Father: Context of Production and Significance; The Taipings as "Liberators" of Chinese Women; The Feminine Ideal: Quiet, Submissive, and Chaste.

"This book examines the theological worldview of the Taiping Rebellion (1850-64), a Chinese revolutionary movement whose leader, Hong Xiuquan (1814-64), claimed to be the second son of God and younger brother of Jesus. Despite the profound impact of Christian books on Hong's religious thinking, previous scholarship has neglected the localized form of Christianity that he and his closest followers created. Filling that gap in the existing literature, this book analyzes the localization of Christianity in the theology, ethics, and ritual practices of the Taipings. Carl S. Kilcourse not only reveals how Confucianism and popular religion acted as instruments of localization, but also suggests that several key aspects of the Taipings' localized religion were inspired by terms and themes from translated Christian texts. Emphasizing this link between vernacularization and localization, Kilcourse demonstrates both the religious identity of the Taipings and their wider significance in the history of world Christianity"--Source other than Library of Congress.

Local access dig.pdf. [Kilcourse-Taiping Theology.pdf]