Ch'ŏnju kangsaeng ch'ulsang kyŏnghae lat'inŏbon, chunggugŏbon yŏkchu 천주강생출상경해 라틴어본·중국어본 역주. [Tianzhu jiangsheng chuxiang jingjie 天主降生出像經解. Korean & Chinese. Evangelicae historiae imagines ex ordine evangeliorum : quae toto anno in missae sacrificio recitantur in ordinem temporis vitae Christi digestae. Korean & Latin] / Gerónimo Nadal, Giulio Aleni 艾儒略,

책소개

쥴리오 알레니는 1637년 <천주강생출상경해>를 출판하였다. 스페인 출신 예수회 사제 제로니모 나달의 <복음서 도해집>을 저본으로 삼아 그 가운데 핵심 내용만 3분의 1 정도 간추려 중국어로 번역하였는데, 탄생부터 승천까지 예수의 생애를 시각예술로 표현한 도해집이다.

1615년 교황 파울루스 5세는 전례서와 성경의 중국어역을 승인하였지만, 성경 번역은 힘들고 어려운 작업이라고 인식하였으며 성경보다는 교리서와 전례서가 그리스도교 신앙을 전파하는데 더 효과적인 수단이라고 생각하였다. 그럼에도 1630년대에 복음서에 나온 예수의 생애를 전체적으로 다룬 중국어역서학서 세 작품 즉 <천주강생언행기략>과 <천주강생성경직해> 그리고 <천주강생출상경해>가 출판되었다.

<천주강생출상경해>는 조화복음서인 <천주강생언행기략>의 자매편으로, 예수의 생애를 시각적 이미지로 형상화하여 예수의 행적을 중국인에게 쉽게 전달하는 효과적인 교육수단이었으며 묵상에서도 활용되었다.

목차

Ch'ŏnju gangsaeng ŏnhaeng giryak  천주강생언행기략 (天主降生言行紀略) / 줄리오 알레니 (Giulio Aleni, 艾儒略) ; Ch'oe Kyŏng-sik 최경식 [Choe Gyeongsik] (translator).

Translation of: Tianzhu jiangsheng yanxing jilüe  天主降生言行紀略. Original illustrations based on Nadal included in Korean translated sections.

"천주께서 세상에 오셔서 하신 말씀과 행동의 간추림"--title page title subheading.

Appendix: Full facsimile text of 1635 edition of Tianzhu jiangsheng yanxing jilüe 天主降生言行紀略 (Bibliotheque nationale de France. Departemente des manuscrits. Chinois 6709).

 - 내    용 : 

  # “서양에서 온 공자”라고 존경을 받았던

     쥴리오 알레니 신부의 「천주강생언행기략」 번역서

  # 천주께서 세상에 오셔서 하신 말씀과 행동의 간추림

     (4대 복음서와 사도행전을 통합한 이른바 화합복음서)

  만일락경설

  제천주강생언행기략 범례

  천주강생언행기략 제1권 ~ 제8권

Text/Translation begins on p. [39]: Commento e immagini dell Incarnazione del Signore del Cielo = 天主降生出像經解 Tianzhu jiangsheng chuxiang jingjie. Traduzione e note di Lu Huizhong e Huang Xiu Feng. "con riproduzione anastatica del testo conservato presso AFIO (Archivo Franciscano Ibero Orientale) di Madrid 26/2".

Indice: Presentazione / Antonio Fappani. Verso la pienezza de verità e amore / Luciano Monari. Prefazione / Pier Francesco Fumagalli. Avvertenze e ringraziamenti. Introduzione / Gianfranco Cretti. Giulio Aleni e la Prospettiva in Cina / Hui-Hung Chen. Prefazione / Giulio Aleni. Mappa di Gerusalemme / Giulio Aleni. Sante Immagini della Incarnazione del Signore del Cielo / Giulio Aleni. Indice delle Immagini. Indice dei nomi di luoghi e persone. Nota bibliografica.

"[Tianzhu jiangsheng yanxing jilüe 天主降生言行紀略] supplemented by his Tianzhu jiangsheng yanxing jingjie (1637). This work of fifty-five pictures of Jesus’ life was based on Jerónimo Nadal’s (1507-1580) Evangelicae Historiae Imaginese (Antwerp, 1593), which was often included in Nadal’s Adnotationes et Meditationes in Evangeliae (Antwerp, 1595), a meditative commentary on the Sunday readings by a famous companion of Ignatius of Loyola. Aleni’s work, however, is not a translation of Nadal’s commentary, but a Chinese adaptation of Vita Christi by Ludophus de Saxonia (ca. 1300-1378). His Vita Christi e Quatuor Evangeliis et Scriptoribus Orthodoxis Concinnata was a very popular writing during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.....In this they [Jesuits] gave preference to a chronological presentation of Jesus’ life rather than to the translation of the four gospels..." Cf. Standaert, Handbook of Christianity in China, vol. 1, p. 622-623.

"....By this extensive sinicisation da Rocha’s picture show an interesting contrast with the second collection of Christian wood-block prints: the 55 pictures – all based on Nadal - in Tianzhu jiangsheng chuxiang jingjie天主降生出像經解 (Illustrated Explanation of the Lord of Heaven’s Incarnation), first published in 1637 in Jinjiang (Quanzhou) by Giulio Aleni.....The difference in style is quite marked: in Aleni’s xylographs the European linear perspective and the narrative combination ...... have been maintained. There are interesting Chinese adaptations as regards form... and content....but as a whole these woodblock prints render the Western originals faithfully." Cf. Cf. Standaert, Handbook of Christianity in China, vol. 1, p. 813.

Dig.ed. local access only. [AleniCommento.pdf]

Nadarŭi pogŭmsŏ tohaejip yŏkchu 나달의 복음서 도해집 역주. [Evangelicae historiae imagines ex ordine evangeliorum : quae toto anno in missae sacrificio recitantur in ordinem temporis vitae Christi digestae. Korean & Latin] / Gerónimo Nadal / Translated by Kwak Moon-seok [곽문석], Choi Hyung-geun [최형근], Seo Won-mo [서원모], Jang Si-eun [장시은].

책소개.
제로니모 나달(Jeronomo Nadal, 1507-1580)의 『복음서 도해집』은 예수의 생애를 시각 예술로 묘사한 것으로 우리에게는 쥴리오 알레니(Giulio Aleni 艾儒略, 1582-1649)의 『천주강생출상경해』(天主降生出像經解)의 저본으로 잘 알려져 있다. 『복음서 도해집』은 『복음서 주해와 묵상』의 자매편으로 사순절과 주일에 봉독하는 복음서 독서본문의 묵상 자료로 만들어졌다. 원래의 작품에서 뽑아내어 새롭게 구성된 『복음서 도해집』은 4복음서를 하나로 엮어서 예수 전생애에 대한 묵상을 통해 나타나는 구속의 신비를 시각예술로 잘 표현한 결과 원본인 『복음서 주해와 묵상』보다 훨씬 더 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 이제 안양대학교 인문한국플러스(HK+) 사업팀이 『천주강생출상경해』뿐만 아니라 그 저본이 되는 나달의 『복음서 도해집』을 번역 및 주해하여 출판한다는 것은 동서교류문헌 연구의 획기적인 시도이다. 『복음서 도해집』은 여러 언어로 번역 또는 개작되어 출간되면서 여러 나라의 복음서 관련 도해집 출판에 영향을 준 초기 근대의 대표적인 동서교류문헌 중 하나이기 때문이다.

Tianzhu jiangsheng chuxiang jingjie 天主降生出像經解.

Jap-Sin I, 187
Tianzhu jiangsheng chuxiang jingjie 天主降生出像經解
By Ai Rulüe 艾儒略 (Giulio Aleni).
One juan. Chinese bamboo paper in one volume. The Arabic number on the lower margin of each page was added later. No date or place of publication.

The cover bears the title Tianzhu jiangsheng yanxing jixiang 天主降生言行紀像 (equivalent to Tianzhu jiangsheng chuxiang jingjie, cf. Jap-Sin I, 188) and a Latin inscription: “Vita D.N. Iesu Christi imaginibus illustrata.” On folio 2v there is a note in Latin: “Duo exemplaria rarissima Jap.^a Sin. I. 187, Jap Sin I, 188 ￜ Vita D.N. J. Xti ￜ auctore P. J. Aleni ￜ Cum illustrationibus P. Natalis ￜ Parvus Codex (Jap-Sin I, 187) ￜ continet praefationem, ￜ quae in majori ￜ autem codex (Jap-Sin I, 188) major plures imagines . . . ￜ Initio, viam ￜ crucis ￜ Deest datum.”

This book is the same edition as Jap-Sin I, 188, but the quality of paper is inferior and even the printing is not distinct. The illustrations do not always follow the same order as in the above mentioned number. Three of the illustrations are missing, namely, (1) the sermon on the mount, (2) the miraculous cure of the centurion’s servant and (3) the cure of the paralytic man.
In addition to the twenty-seven folios of illustrations (folio 16r and 16v is a repetition of folio 14), there is an introduction (two and one-half folios). Here the country of origin of Christ is called Da Qin 大秦 , obviously a reference to the Nestorian monument (cf. Jap-Sin I, 33 and 53). It also tried to explain why spiritual beings were represented in physical forms: God the Father as an elderly man, the Holy Spirit in form of a dove and the angels as young men with wings.
At the end of the introduction the names of the three censors are given: Manuel Dias Jr. 陽瑪諾, Simão da Cunha 瞿西滿 and Pietro Canevari 聶伯多. For further details, see below (Jap-Sin I, 188).

Jap-Sin I, 188
Tianzhu jiangsheng chuxiang jingjie 天主降生出像經解
By Ai Rulüe 艾儒略 (Giulio Aleni).
One juan, white paper in one volume.
Twenty-eight folios, with an Arabic number in pencil on each folio. 28 x 16 cm.

The cover bears the a title in Chinese and a Latin inscription: “Vita Christi P. Natalis.”

At the beginning of the book there is a map of Jerusalem (43 x 28 cm.). The Chinese inscription on the map reads: 大秦如德亞國協路撒稜都城當天主降生時圖 (The city of Jerusalem in Judea of Da Qin at the time of God’s incarnation). There is another inscription: 此城日久存毀改變不一然吾主耶穌受難升天聖蹟諸所至今顯存凡諸國奉教者每往瞻禮云 (Through the centuries this city has suffered destruction and alterations; the place, however, where the Lord suffered, the place of the resurrection and the places where he worked miracles still exist and they are visited by the faithful of all countries).

This book is the same as Jap-Sin I, 187, except for the absence of the introduction in Jap-Sin I, 188 and that of the map of Jerusalem in Jap-Sin I, 187. In the introduction (Jap-Sin I, 187) Aleni says that he has translated the Tianzhu jiangsheng yanxing jilüe and that in imitation of Western commentaries illustrations are added to inspire the readers with love of Christ. It is obvious then, that the present book is a continuation of the Tianzhu jiangsheng yanxing jilüe (cf. Jap-Sin I, 58 and 76).
Courant (6750) says that the edition owned by the Bibliothèque Nationale (Paris) is a large in-octavo and on good paper, with an introduction by Aleni and a map of Jerusalem. It has twenty-eight folios and fifty-six illustrations, published in 1637 by the Jingjiaotang of Jinjiang (Fujian). This description makes us think that our edition is the same.
The Western commentary, mentioned in Aleni’s introduction, is the Adnotationes et Meditationes in Evangelia in Sacrosancto Missae Sacrificio toto anno leguntur by Jeronimo Nadal (1507–1580). The first part of this work has 153 illustrations. The title page reads: “Evangelicae Historiae Imagines ￜ ex ordine Evangeliorum quae toto anno in Missae Sacrificio recitantur, ￜ in ordine temporis vitae Christi digestae.” It was printed in Antwerp in 1593. It is not certain who was the painter of these illustrations. According to some they were painted by Martin de Vos; others attributed them to the Wierix brothers or to the Italian painter Bernado or Bernardin Passeri (cf. AHSI, XIII, pp. 121–122; XIV, pp. 194–195). The etchings, however, were made by six artists, namely: the three Wierix brothers, Jerome, Jean and Antoine; their assistants Adrien and Jean Collaert; and Charles Mallery.
The engraver of the Chinese engraving is unknown to us. According to Aleni the Chinese illustrations numbered only one tenth of the European. In fact, they numbered in all fifty-eight. Apart from the first and the last, which were of purely Chinese origin, they amounted to about one third of the European illustrations. They are very close to the original, both in composition and in spirit. In general, the Western style is retained, but here and there they reveal the Oriental touch of the artist. For instance, on folio 17v and 18r (Lazarus and the rich man) one may notice the Chinese blanket on the bed of the rich man, and on folio 21v (the washing of the feet) the vases are all in Chinese style and, to add to the decoration, there is a Chinese movable door screen on which is painted a Chinese landscape with cherry blossoms and bamboo trees. On the last folio (the coronation of the Blessed Virgin in Heaven) the group of figures on the lower left corner are all Chinese mandarins, military men, scholars or ordinary people. These pictures, no doubt, could be of great help in the study of the early influence of European art on China.
A title is given to each illustration, the characters of which run horizontally. The figures and things illustrated are marked in the tiangan 天干 (ten heavenly stems). A column is reserved below the illustrations to identify the persons and things marked by the tiangan numbers, which take the place of the Roman alphabetic numbers in the original.
Source: Albert Chan, S.J., Chinese books and documents in the Jesuit Archives in Rome, pp. 110-112.