N.B. Description based on Jap-Sin II, 43.

Budeyi bian [Pu-te-i pien] 不得已辯 [辨]
By Nan Huaren 南懷仁 (Ferdinand Verbiest).
One juan. Bamboo paper, bound in European style. No date or place of publication.

The cover bears a Latin title: “Refutatio persecuto | ris Yam Quam Sien | circa res mathemati | ces | a p. Ferdin. Verbiest | S.J.”

In his preface Verbiest states that, after the great persecution of Yang Guangxian against the missioners, Adam Schall had lost the power of speech. Verbiest himself, being a newcomer to China, had been unable to defend himself and he had therefore lived in retirement. This was the occasion for him to reflect and to discover the errors of Yang Guangxian. Verbiest then points out that the calendar method of Yang Guangxian came from the traditional school of the Ming dynasty. Since the establishment of the new regime, the Shunzhi emperor had proclaimed the employment of the new European method, which had been in use for over twenty years and had yielded good results. In Verbiest’s opinion, progress comes from long and careful studies. The longer the studies, the more perfect will be the science of the calendar. Yang Guangxian, however, esteemed the old method and belittled the new one. As the result of his maliciousness eight members of the Imperial Observatory had lost their lives. Yang Guangxian cared only for the principles of calendar making and ignored the practical side. To this Verbiest retorts that to show the validity of the principles one must see them in practice. Wrong principles can never give good results. The disgrace of Yang Guangxian before the Kangxi emperor and his ministers through the failure of his experiments clearly showed that he was ignorant of the principles of calendar making. Finally, Verbiest concludes that although justice had been done in the case of Yang Guangxian, the damage done by Yang’s books still remained. For this reason he still wished to publish his work as a defense of the truth.--Cf. Albert Chan, Chinese Books and Documents in the Jesuit Archives in Rome, pp. 344-346.

For full bibliographic citation see Ad Dudink & Nicolas Standaert, Chinese Christian Texts Database (CCT-Database).

The cover bears an inscription in Portuguese: “O Sun Lao ye manda a VR | essa obra de Yam Quam Sien | p^a VR ver, mas com condição de | a não mostrar aos Siam cums de | casa, nem de fore, e m^to menos ao Fam Tanis Lao. Depois de ver | o que lhe serve, me torne a remandar.”
The top margin of folio one of volume one bears a Latin inscription in the hand of Antoine Thomas: “Ego infra scriptus Vice~Prov^lis Soc^tis Jesu | Vice~Prov^ae Sinensis testor hunc esse librum | impressum et divulgatum ab accusatore Yam quam sien; quo primum Legem divi | nam, deinde Astronomiam europeam | accusavit erroris. Antonius Thomas data Pekini die 26 oct. 1701. A seal in red with the emblem of the Society of Jesus is stamped at the end.”
The top margin of folio one of volume two bears a Latin inscription in the hand of Antoine Thomas: “Haec est pars secunda Libri im | pressi ac divulgati ab Yam quam sien | auctore Persecutionis, qui legem divi | nam et Astronomiam Europeam er | roris accusat. Ita testor | Antonius Thomas | Data Pekini 26^o Oct. 1701. Vice~Prov^lis.”

Ce pamphlet [i.e., the Pixielun] est divisé en trois traités (論 luen). Je dirai plus loin quelque chose de son contenue. L’édition que nous en possédons a pour titre Pou té i chi yao 不得已輯要 [a summary of the Budeyi] et porte comme indication d’origine ces caractères: 荊楚挽狂子. Un avant propos rappelle que Yang Koang-sien avait été pendant trois ans à la tête de Tribunal des mathématiques 欽天監 K’in-t’ien-kien: les Européens l’auraient empoisonné quand il fut sorti de charge. Ts’ien Ta hsin 錢大昕, auteur qui nous est bien connu, affirme que les Européens auraient acheté du poid de l’or cet ouvrage pour le faire disparaître. ‘Ce livre était devenu très rare, adjoute l’éditeur’ 今其書鮮有存者. Le P. Greslon en indique les arguments principaux dans son Histoire (pp. 40/46).

Full bibliographic citation see: Ad Dudink & Nicolas Standaert, Chinese Christian Texts Database (CCT-Database).

JapSin II, 40.3
Cetian yueshuo 測天約說.
By Deng Yuhan 鄧玉函 (Johann Terrenz [Schreck]); revised by Tang Ruowang 湯若望 (Johann Adam Schall von Bell).
Two juan (juan A is missing in our collection). One volume in bamboo paper. No date or place of publication.

There is a Latin inscription on the cover: “Modus quo fiunt eclipses | solis et lunae seu eas | observandi | pars 2 | a pp. Schall et Terrentio.” A note by Louis Van Hée on a separate paper reads: “Datur tantum 2^um volumen operis cuius titulus est: Observantis caeli brevis tractatus.”

Cf. Courant 4911; Väth, p. 369, no. 32.
Source: Albert Chan, S.J., Chinese Books and Documents in the Jesuit Archives in Rome, p. 337.

JapSin II, 50
Cetian yueshuo 測天約說.
By Deng Yuhan 鄧玉函 (Johann Terrenz [Schreck]).
Two juan. Bamboo paper with a paper case. No date or place of publication.

The cover bears a label with the title and a Latin inscription: “De Sphaera Tractatus | in duas partes diversus | a p^e Joanne Terentio | pars 1^a & 2^a.”

Cf. Pfister, p. 157, no. 5; Feng 1938, p. 185; Hsü 1949, p. 369; Courant 4911; Couplet, p. 18; JWC 1:216–225.
Source: Albert Chan, S.J., Chinese Books and Documents in the Jesuit Archives in Rome, pp. 353-354.

JapSin II, 50 D
Cetian yueshuo 測天約說.
By Deng Yuhan 鄧玉函 (Johann Terrenz [Schreck]).
Two juan (juan B is missing). Bamboo paper with a paper case. No date or place of publication.

The cover bears a label with the title and a Latin inscription: “De Sphaera | tractatus. pars 1^a | a p. Jo^e Terrentino | S.J.”

R.A Blondeau ; met een historische inleiding van U. Libbrecht en een iconografie van N. Halsberghe.
Bibliography: p. 142-143.

Hengxing li 恆星曆 / Tang Ruowang zhuan 湯若望譔.
Manuscript copy of Schall's Hengxing lizhi 恆星曆指 made in Japan. Undated, but probably late 18th-early 19th century.
The errors in binding match the edition held in Rome. See Jap-Sin II, 38.3 for bibliographic details.

One of a number of books written in Chinese by Jesuits that were copied in Japan after the prohibition of these works. Schall's original work was published in 1631 but not widely distributed. It was not on the early Japanese lists of prohibited books.
Vermillion seal imprint: 明德館圖書庫.

Digital file (high-resolution jpg) is from the Bavarian State Library. Please refer to BSB website OR MDZ for information.
Local access dig.jpg. [Kogler-Huangdao.jpg]

Note: The following description refers to the solitary example with Latin transcriptions by Fr. Gaubil, not the BSB version. The notes below are for informational purposes only.

KOGLER, Ignatius 戴進賢 and MOGGI, Ferdinando Bonaventuri. 利白明
Chinese Star Map: 黃道總星圖 Huangdao zongxing tu. [Tabula stellarum universalis eclipticae] (北京 Peking, 内府1723).
圖下鐫 “大清雍正元年歲次癸卯 - 極西戴進賢立法利白明鐫”

Background: Maggs Bros. catalogue 1480, Sino-European Imprints of the 17th and 18th century
Twin-hemispherical stellar map by Ignatius (Ignz) Kögler (1680-1746) arrived in China 1716, reached Beijing 1717, assumed position in Imperial Observatory. 18th century Jesuits at the Observatory kept informed of scientific developments in Europe. … aware of the findings of Jesuit astronomer Giovanni Battista Riccioli (1598-1671, Bologna) on lunar features as well as his arguments concerning the motion of the earth. Isaac Newton (1642-1726) first calculated perturbing effect of the sun on relative motion of earth and moon and Kögler quickly updated the lunisolar tables in China. 1742 he published his findings in the compilation Lixiang kaocheng houbian 御製曆象考成後編 (Second part of the thorough Investigation of Calendrical Astronomy composed for the Emperor)……combined elements of Kepler and Newton to form new mathematical principles underlying the motions of the sun and moon. In the lower center is an image of the moon clearly based on the findings of Riccioli. Ferdinando Bonaventuri Moggi (1694-1761) was a Florentine who studied art and architecture and it is likely that he is the engraver of the plate which - although written in Chinese – bears all the hall-marks of European map design of the late 17th century. Moggi built several churches in China, but none have survived. This map is undoubtedly a nei-fu 内府 palace production.
Needham states in Hall of Heavenly Records (1986) that he saw the present map with Mr. Philipp Robinson in 1953 and goes on to say: “Mr Robinson informed us that the engraving… appeared among a number of original documents and holograph letters of Antoine Gaubil S.J. (1689-1759) [...] One of Gaubil’s letters encloses a letter, written in Latin by Kögler on 13 March 1726, which refers to this very star-map.” It is likely that the annotations on this map are by Gaubil himself, giving transcriptions of the names of the planets. The map incorporates lunar surface phenomena from Galileo, Giovanni Domenico Cassini (1625-1712) and Christaan Huygens (1629-1695)....
Provenance: The Clermont – Meerman – Sir Thomas Phillipps – Robinson copy.

Background: Sotheby’s, The Library of Philip Robinson, Part II, The China Collection (catalogue, 1988, Lot 92, p.87)
This chart is the original from which a large Korean astronomical screen was made in the Yi dynasty of the Chosŏn Kingdom of Seoul. It was among the papers of Fr. Antoine Gaubil, gving transcriptions of the names of the planets.
Several lots from this auction are held at the Ricci Institute.

Added keywords: Chinese New Year calculation; lunisolar calendars; solstices & equinoxes; 24 solar terms, 24 jieqi 節氣 ; Chinese months, leap months; sexagenary cycle, ganzhi jidu 干支制度, Heavenly Stems & Earthly Branches; Jesuit astronomers.

Preface -- Abridged bibliography -- The legacy of Islam in China and in Europe toward the end of the XVth century -- Ricci’s scientific training -- Ricci and Chinese science -- The problem of Chinese astronomy -- The solar eclipse of December 15, 1610 -- Conclusion --Bibliography - Index.

Includes bibliographical references (pages 94-98).
Based on physical copy from Gleeson Library.
Local access dig.pdf [Bernard-Ricci Contribution.pdf]

Moving stars changing scenes : gems of the ancient Chinese astronomy relics = Xing, yi, wu, huan : Zhongguo gudai tianwen wenwu jinghua / [author, Yip Chee-kuen ; editor, Lawrence W.K. Lee ; English translation, Lawrence W.K. Lee, Ann L.F. Hui].
Translation of: Xing, yi, wu, huan : Zhongguo gudai tianwen wenwu jinghua 星・移・物・換 : 中國古代天文文物精華.
"Produced by the Hong Kong Science Museum."--T.p. verso.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 174-175) and index.
***Graphic resource.
Local access dig. pdf. [Ancient Chinese Astronomy.pdf]

JapSin II, 27
Richan lizhi 日躔曆指.
By Luo Yagu 羅雅谷 (Giacomo Rho).
One juan. Bamboo paper in one volume, European style. No date or place of publication.

The cover bears a label with the title. There is a Latin inscription that reads: “Introductio ad Astro | nomiam | a p. Jac. Rho, S.J.”

Cf. Pfister, p. 191, no. 14 (Théorie du soleil); Couplet, p. 23 (Theoria Solis).
Source: Albert Chan, S.J., Chinese Books and Documents in the Jesuit Archives in Rome, pp. 310-311.

"Xue Fengzuo 薛鳳祚, one of the great astronomers of the time, studied with Nikolaus Smogolecki in the Jiangnan region, after having been trained in traditional Chinese astronomy in his youth. Together they wrote Tianbu zhenyuan 天步眞原 (True Source of the Pacing of Heavens, ca. 1646), which introduced the European horoscope." –Cf. N. Standaert, Handbook of Christianity in China, p. 726.

"Tianwen lüe 天問略 (Questions about Heaven) .... Dias’ work was devoted to descriptive cosmology rather than mathematical astronomy. [A Chinese Christian convert who collated this text was Xu Leshan 許樂善 (ca. 1544-1625/26; jinshi 1571, baptised as John in 1610).] Dias' Tianwen lüe 天問略 (Epitome of Questions on the Heavens, 1615) is best known for its appendix, in which Galileo Galilei’s (1564-1642) invention of the telescope and the new observations he made with it were reported; the details of the surface of the Moon, the phases of Venus, the four satellites of Jupiter, the objects of which Saturn’s rings are made, many stars in the Pleiades and the Milky Way. Information travelled fast from Europe to China: Galileo’s Siderius Nuncius had been published in 1610, and his observations confirmed by Jesuit astronomers of the Roman College the following year. The main body of the Tianwen lüe, however, was a description of Ptolomaic astronomy; Dias' preface pointed out that the universe described was the work of God." -- Cf. Standaert, N., Handbook of Christianity in China, pp. 404, 693, 695, 712-713.

Local access dig.pdf [Dias-Tianwen lue.pdf]

JapSin II, 45.3
Wang ze bian 妄擇辯.
By Nan Huairen 南懷仁 (Ferdinand Verbiest). Published in 1669. No place of publication. From the format and paper it seems that the book is an original edition.

The cover bears a label with a Latin inscription: “Refutatio persecutoris | Yam Quam sien circa electionem dierum | a p. Ferdin. Verbiest | S.J.”

Cf. Courant 4993–4994 (Discussion du choix des jours fastes).
Source: Albert Chan, S.J., Chinese Books and Documents in the Jesuit Archives in Rome, p. 348.

JapSin II, 45 D
Wang ze bian 妄擇辯.
By Nan Huairen 南懷仁 (Ferdinand Verbiest). One juan. Bamboo paper with a case.

The cover bears a label with the title and a Latin inscription: “Refutatio persecu | toris Yam Quam Sien circa electio | nem dierum | a.p. Ferd. Verbiest | S.J.”

JapSin II, 45.2
Wangzhanbian 妄占辯.
By Nan Huairen 南懷仁 (Ferdinand Verbiest).
One juan. Bamboo paper. Dayuantang 大原堂 edition, Guangdong, 1669.

The Latin title given on the cover reads: “Refutatio persecuto | ris Yam Quam sien | circa vanas | observa | tiones et divinationes | a p. Ferdin. Verbiest | S.J.”

Cf. Courant 4998–5001 (Discussion contre les sorts).
Source: Albert Chan, S.J., Chinese Books and Documents in the Jesuit Archives in Rome, pp. 347-348.

Xichao ding'an 熙朝定案 : "...3rd important collection, by 1684 3 juan....started in the early 1670's [for] the purpose of defending the "restored" Western astronomy (April 1669 Verbiest had replaced Yang Guangxian as head of the Astronomical Bureau) by publishing official documents (ding'an) which tell the story of its restoration [and] victories over subsequent attacks on the validity of Western astronomy....by concentrating on the role of Verbiest as a loyal and esteemed servant of the Emperor, Xichao ding'an was meant as an apology for Christianity itself..." ; Xichao ding'an was printed in several parts dating before 1672....pp. 71-224 reproduces BAV Barb.Or. 132.3 (1668-1673). Xichao ding'an apparently constituted one of the main sources for Zhengjiao fengbao 正教奉褒 : p. 132-134."--Cf. Standaert, Handbook of Christianity in China, vol. 1.

JapSin II, 67 II
Xichao dingan 熙朝定案.
Three ce, in a paper case. Yellow bamboo paper (ce 1 and without division into juan 3) and white paper (ce 2). Ce 2 and 3 are the same, but to ce 3 five documents have been added.

The covers of ce 2 and 3 are rebound with new covers and bear no inscriptions. Ce 1 bears on the cover the title written in ink and a Latin inscription: “Decreta Imperatoris in favorem Mathematicae et PP. Pekinensium.”

Ce 1 has a table of contents in three and one-half folios. In the middle of each folio the title of the book is given and below the fish-tail the number of the folio.
These books contain memorials concerning the Imperial Observatory, dating from the seventh to the fifteenth year of the Kangxi reign (1669–1676).
Ce 1 deals quite fully with the persecution of Yang Guangxian 楊光先 and with Wu Mingxuan 吳明烜 and his Mohammedan calendar. At the end of the book there is a written message offered to the deceased Schall recognizing his innocence and at the same time restoring his former ranks. There is also an imperial decree granting to Schall the title of Tongwei jiaoshi 通微教師 (Religious Teacher Who Comprehends the Mysterious).
The folios 46v–52v of ce 2 contain the memorials of Duihana 對哈納 and other ministers (cf. Jap-Sin II, 42). These can be found also in Jap-Sin II, 67 2^a 熙朝特典, document 6, folios 1r–16r. Again, the folios 53r–55r 史部題疏 can also be found in Jap-Sin II, 67 2^a, document 7, folios 17r–19r. The memorial of Verbiest in folios 61r–64r appears also in Jap-Sin II, 67 2^a, document 4, folios 6r–9r. Folio 33, another of Verbiest’s memorials, appears also in Jap-Sin II, 67 2^a, document 2, folio 4. Finally, folios 34r–36r 內務府滿官傅旨 can also be found in Jap-Sin II, 67 2^a, document 1, folios 1r–3r.
The documents added to ce 3 are: Xinzhi lingtai yixiangzhi tigao 新製靈臺儀象誌題稿 (five folios) and Xichao dingan tigao 熙朝定案題稿 (four documents, altogether thirteen folios).

Source: Albert Chan, S.J., Chinese Books and Documents in the Jesuit Archives in Rome, p. 379.

JapSin II, 67 III
Xichao dingan 熙朝定案.
No division of juan, one ce, without division into juan; bamboo paper with a paper case.

The cover bears the title written in ink.

1. 恭紀驗砲綸音盛典，康熙二十一年南懷仁述. A description, composed by Verbiest in 1682, of the testing of the new cannon. Folios 166r–171r.

2. 康熙十九年十一月十六日南懷仁進呈砲式奏章. A memorial presented by Verbiest, dated 5 January 1681, presenting different types of cannons. Folios 172r–174v.

3. 康熙二十年二月十一日工部題稿論進呈砲式事. A memorial presented by the Ministry, dated 30 March 1681, presenting different types of cannons. Folios 175r–178v.

4. 康熙二十一年正月二十七日南懷仁奏論進呈神威砲圖書. A memorial presented by Verbiest, dated 5 March 1682, presenting the plan of the Shenwei cannon. Folios 179r–182v.

5. 康熙二十一年四月初十日史部題章論進呈神威砲圖書事. A memorial from the Ministry of Personnel, presented on 16 May 1682, dealing with the plan of the Shenwei cannon. Folios 183r–184r.

6. 康熙二十一年七月二十九日南懷仁奏論推定盛京本地交食之法. On 31 August 1682, Verbiest presented a memorial on how to determine eclipses in Liaodong province. Folios 185r–187v.

7. 康熙二十一年八月二十五日禮部題稿論推定盛京交食之法事. On 26 September 1682, the Ministry of Rites presented a memorial on how to determine eclipses in Liaodong province. Folios 188r–189r.

8. 禮部題稿論推定盛京本地交食之法. A memorial presented by the Ministry of Rites on how to determine eclipses in Liaodong province. Folio 190.

9. 康熙二十二年八月二十日南懷仁奏論進呈砲式事. A memorial presented by Verbiest, dated 10 October 1683, on different types of cannons presented. Folios 191r–195v.

10. 康熙二十二年八月二十六日南懷仁奏進呈窮理學書. A memorial presented by Verbiest, dated 16 October 1683, presenting books on philosophy. Folios 196r–199v.

11. 康熙二十五年三月二十九日工部奏論北京街道牌樓改正事. A memorial presented by the Ministry of Works, dated 21 April 1686, on the modification of the streets and the celebration arches. Folios 1r–8r.

12. 康熙二十五年七月二十八日侍衛趙昌傅帶旨諭南懷仁論製砲事. On 15 September 1686, the imperial Body Guard of the Kangxi emperor, Zhao Chang, communicated an imperial decree to Verbiest on the manufacture of cannons. Folios 1r–2v.

13. 康熙二十五年十月二十日南懷仁奉旨往海子測新開河道事. Verbiest left for Haizi on 5 December 1686, by imperial order, to survey the newly finished canal. Folio 3.

14. 康熙二十六年二月十六日旨命南懷仁鑄砲事. On 28 March 1687, by imperial decree, Verbiest was told to cast cannons. Folio 4r.

The last two folios consist of illustrations of different types of cannons.

Source: Albert Chan, S.J., Chinese Books and Documents in the Jesuit Archives in Rome, pp. 379-381.

For full information see: Ad Dudink & Nicolas Standaert, Chinese Christian Texts Database (CCT-Database) (http://www.arts.kuleuven.be/sinology/cct)

JapSin II, 39.4-5
Xinfa biaoyi 新法表異.
By Tang Ruowang 湯若望 (Johann Adam Schall von Bell).
Two juan. Bamboo paper, one ce.
No date or place of publication.

The cover bears a label with the title and a Latin inscription: “Differentia inter Euro | paeam et sinicam astro | nomiam | a p. Adamo Schall | S.J. | 2 tomi.”

The Xinfa biaoyi (Divergences of the new calendar) was written about 1634. It is divided into two parts. Juan A is a general study of the ancient Chinese calendars. According to Schall, although it had been said that there were over seventy calendar experts in the history of China, in reality, there were only forty odd. Juan B deals with the new calendar adopted by the Manchus after fall of Beijing in 1644. It is the Western calendar introduced into China by the Jesuits.
Folio 35 of juan A gives a brief account of the reform of the calendar at the end of the Ming dynasty:

The proposal for calendar reform was first made in the Wanli reign, and the decision was made in the Chongzhen period. It was in the jisi 己巳 year (i.e., 1629, Chongzhen 2), when I was summoned [to the capital] where I wrote [books] and set up instruments. Six years later, the calendar was ready, and after verification both before and after, we found [the calendar] to be in close accord with the celestial movements. At that time, there was a scholar, Wei Wenkui 魏文魁 by name, known as a calendar expert, who had been in the service of His Excellency Xing Yunlu 邢雲路, the Surveillance Commissioner 按察使. This man had written a book entitled: Lüli kao 律曆考. He too came with his disciples and having presented a memorial to the throne, he petitioned that a calendar bureau should be set up for his school with the intention of competing with us. His calculations were later found to be inaccurate and he was dismissed. The new system continued to prevail. In the Forbidden City, His Majesty himself took interest in the calculations and time and again gave high praise to our achievements. Unfortunately, the situation of the empire was precarious and became worse as time went on. With uninterrupted warfare throughout the empire, it was impossible to promote the new calendar, a fact that was lamented by many contemporaries.

JapSin II, 39.6
Xinli xiaohuo 新曆曉或
By Tang Ruowang 湯若望 (Johann Adam Schall von Bell).
One juan. Bamboo paper, one ce. No date or place of publication.

The cover bears a label with the title and a Latin inscription: “Solutiones objectionum | circa Astrononiam | Europaeam | a p. Adamo Schall.”

Ego infrascriptus Vice-Prov^lis Soc^tis Jesu | Vice-Prov^ae Sinensis testor hoc exemplar Li | belli huius esse legitimum; uti et subscriptiones | duorum mandarinorum tribunalis ma | thematici in quorum fidem hic | subscribo. Pekini 2^a Octobris 1701 | Antonius Thomas.

Cf. Pfister, p. 179, no. 10; Väth, p. 366, no. 17.
Source: Albert Chan, S.J., Chinese Books and Documents in the Jesuit Archives in Rome, pp. 328-329.

JapSin II, 39.7
Xinli xiaohuo 新曆曉或
By Tang Ruowang 湯若望 (Johann Adam Schall von Bell).
This is a duplicate of Jap-Sin II, 39.6.
Source: Albert Chan, S.J., Chinese Books and Documents in the Jesuit Archives in Rome, p. 329.

“....Yuanjing shuo 遠鏡說 (Explanation of the Telescope, 1626), by Schall, which contained the first account of the Tychonic world system in Chinese.” Cf. Standaert, Handbook of Christianity in China, v.1, p. 714.

See Fr. A. Chan S.J. bibliographic entry for Japonica-Sinica II, 39.2 edition.
See full bibliographic entry Ad Dudink & Nicolas Standaert, Chinese Christian Texts Database (CCT-Database).

Local access dig.pdf. [Schall-Yuanjingshuo mss.pdf] & folder with master (.tif) images.