Companions in geography : East-West collaboration in the mapping of Qing China (c.1685-1735) /  by Mario Cams.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Situating the Study -- Delineation and Approach -- Cartography and the Jesuit Missions to China -- Chapter Overview --  1. Instruments for the Emperor: New Frontiers, New Practices --  1.1. Instrumental Convergence of Interests --  1.1.1. Academie and the Instrument Market in Paris --  1.1.2. King's Mathematicians' Interest in Cartography --  1.1.3. Paris-made Instruments for the French Mission --  1.2. Improving Cartographies: An Emperor's Quest --  1.2.1. Kangxi Emperor's Cartographic Aspirations --  1.2.2. Qing Statecraft and Cartographic Practice --  1.2.3. Qing Court's Appropriation of Paris-Made Instruments --  1.3. Frontier Matters: New Qing Cartographic Practice --  1.3.1. Integrating the Khalka: Exploring a New Frontier --  1.3.2. 1698 Preliminary Survey --  1.3.3. Re-standardizing the Qing's Most Basic Unit of Length -- Conclusion --  Intermission 1 Missionaries or Mapmakers? The Mapping Project and Its Place in the Mission -- Justifying Missionary Involvement -- Unauthorized Return of Joachim Bouvet -- Conclusion --  2. Of Instruments and Maps: The Land Surveys in Practice --  2.1. Beyond the Passes: Observations and Calculations --  2.1.1. New Qing Cartographic Practice along the Great Wall --  2.1.2. Revisiting the Manchu Homelands and Northern Frontiers --  2.1.3. Strategic Expeditions into Korea and Tibet --  2.2. Logistics in Mapping the Chinese Provinces --  2.2.1. Moving South: Sequence, Timing and Strategies --  2.2.2. Directed from the Center: The Emperor and His Administration --  2.2.3. Team Composition and Local Support --  2.3. Imperial Workshops Connection --  2.3.1. Mapmakers from the Inner Palace --  2.3.2. European Technical Experts and Assistants --  2.3.3. Logistical Centrality of the Imperial Workshops -- Conclusion --  Intermission 2 Missionaries and Mapmakers: Missionary Activity during the Land Surveys -- Restitution of Church Buildings -- Impact of the Chinese Rites Controversy -- Conclusion --  3. Afterlife of Maps: Circulation, Adaptation, and Negotiation --  3.1. Printed Life of the Overview Maps of Imperial Territories --  3.1.1. Woodblock Editions --  3.1.2. Copperplate Editions --  3.1.3. Imperially Commissioned Compilations and Later Renditions --  3.2. European Incorporation of a Qing Atlas --  3.2.1. Early Transmissions and Reception in Europe --  3.2.2. Contracting Jean-Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville --  3.2.3. Intercultural Adaptation: d'Anville's Regional Maps --  3.3. Beijing, Paris and Saint Petersburg: Negotiating the Gaps --  3.3.1. d'Anville's General Maps and the Paris-Saint Petersburg Connection --  3.3.2. Saint Petersburg Connection to Beijing --  3.3.3. d'Anville's Maps: Reception and Further Adaptations -- Conclusion -- Annex: Extant Kangxi-era Sheets (Printed) -- Conclusion: Unlocking Dichotomies: Revisiting Cross-Cultural Circulation -- On Qing Imperial Cartography: Traditional vs. Scientific Practice -- On the Role of the Individual: Global vs. Local Networks -- On Instruments and Maps: The Circulation vs. the Production of Knowledge -- On Interculturality: China vs. Europe.

In 'Companions in Geography' Mario Cams revisits the early 18th century mapping of Qing China, without doubt one of the largest cartographic endeavours of the early modern world. Commonly seen as a Jesuit initiative, the project appears here as the result of a convergence of interests among the French Academy of Sciences, the Jesuit order, and the Kangxi emperor (r. 1661-1722). These connections inspired the gradual integration of European and East Asian scientific practices and led to a period of intense land surveying, executed by large teams of Qing officials and European missionaries. The resulting maps and atlases, all widely circulated across Eurasia, remained the most authoritative cartographic representations of continental East Asia for over a century.

Local access dig.pdf. [Cams-Companions.pdf]

Part 1 of: Qingting san da shice quantu ji 清廷三大實測全圖集 / Wang Qianjin, Liu Quofang zhengli 汪前進, 劉若芳整理.
Originally published 1929-1932.
Each case includes maps accompanied by index volume (179 p., 29 x 42 cm.).

Notes from OCLC #55078047 (北京: 全國圖書館文獻縮微復制中心, 2003 ed.)
Original 104 copper plates were engraved in 1760 under French missionary Michel Benoist. Beiping Gu Gong Bo Wu Yuan reprinted in 1932. Covers from Arctic Ocean in the north to the Indian Ocean in the south ; from Baltic Sea, Mediterranean Sea, and Red Sea in the west to the Korea and East China Sea in the East. Shows the territory, administrative divisions, topographic features of Qing Empire. Also shows the continent of Asia. Relief shown pictorially. Reprint of the copper plates engraved in 1760. One of the earliest map of the continent of Asia.

References:
Theodore N. Foss, “A Western Interpretation of China: Jesuit Cartography” in East Meets West (1988), pp. 109-251.
Endymion Wilkinson, Chinese history, a manual (2000), p. 148.
Joseph Needham, Science & civilisation in China (1954), v. 3, pp. 583-586.
N. Standaert, Handbook of Christianity in China (2001), p. 700, 759-763.
J.B. Harley and David Woodward. The history of cartography (1987), v. 2.2.
Ad Dudink & Nicolas Standaert, Chinese Christian Texts Database (CCT-Database).

"Qianlong Atlas (103 sheets, 365 p. index) reproduced from the 1931 facsimile. Originally published 1775; engravers, Michel Benoist, et al. Most extensive atlas of the period, covering much of Asia and central Asia, Arctic Ocean in the north, Indian Ocean in the south, East China Sea in the east, and the Mediterranean Sea in the west. 103 sheets arranged in 13 horizontal rows thus deriving the name Qianlong [Period] in Thirtheen Rows [十三排]"

Title variants: Qing Qianlong Neifu yutu 清乾隆内府輿圖 ; Palace map of the Chinese Empire ; Jesuit map of China ; Huangyu quantu 皇輿全圖 ; Huangyu quanlan tu 皇輿全覽圖; Qianlong Atlas.
This map is based upon the surveys made by the Jesuit Fathers Felix da Rocha 傅作霖 and Joseph d’Espinha 高慎思 between 1756 and 1759. The cartography was completed by Fr. Michel Benoist 蔣友仁 in Beijing. Benoist and his Chinese co-workers prepared the wood-cut edition in 1769, and under their guidance it was engraved on copper plates (銅版) in 1775. Since then, these plates and the original maps have been kept in the Palace unseen by the public until 1924, when the Museum staff discovered a complete set of the original copper plates.
The map was commissioned by the Qianlong emperor in order to utilize Jesuit expertise in cartography in creating an accurate map of the empire, especially the restive western regions of Xinjiang and Qinghai, as well as the Yunnan-Guizhou region and the Tibetan plateau. Thus the map covers almost the entire Asian continent, and consists of 103 sheets using the traditional Chinese rectangular-grid mapping system modified to suit longitude and latitude.
103 sheets, arranged in 13 horizontal strips. Also uses oblique grids and is divided into 13 horizontal strips, each of five degrees of latitude, with 7.8 cm between latitude lines. Original version: Qing Qianlong Neifu yutu. China : engraved by Michel Benoist on copper plates in 1773 and printed in 1775. Based on earlier map "Huangyu quanlan tu."
Scale: ca. 1:1,500,000

References:
Theodore N. Foss, “A Western Interpretation of China: Jesuit Cartography” in East Meets West (1988), pp. 109-251.
Endymion Wilkinson, Chinese history, a manual (2000), p. 148.
Joseph Needham, Science & civilisation in China (1954), v. 3, pp. 583-586.
N. Standaert, Handbook of Christianity in China (2001), p. 700, 759-763.
J.B. Harley and David Woodward. The history of cartography (1987), v. 2.2
Ad Dudink & Nicolas Standaert, Chinese Christian Texts Database (CCT-Database)

Qing colonial enterprise : ethnography and cartography in early modern China / Laura Hostetler.
Includes bibliographical references (p. [223]-237) and index.
See Publisher description.
See Contributor biographical information.
See Table of Contents.

Miao Man tu 苗蠻圖 -- Bai Miao tu 白苗圖 -- Qian Miao tushuo 黔描圖說.

Dig.pdf local access: [Hostetler-Qing colonial enterprise.pdf]

References:
Theodore N. Foss, “A Western Interpretation of China: Jesuit Cartography” in East Meets West (1988), pp. 109-251.
Endymion Wilkinson, Chinese history, a manual (2000), p. 148.
Joseph Needham, Science & civilisation in China (1954), v. 3, pp. 583-586.
N. Standaert, Handbook of Christianity in China (2001), p. 700, 759-763.
J.B. Harley and David Woodward. The history of cartography (1987), v. 2.2
Ad Dudink & Nicolas Standaert, Chinese Christian Texts Database (CCT-Database)

"Yongzheng Atlas (99 sheets, 251 p. index) reproduced from the original work of 1728 (Library of the Chinese Academy of Science); expansion and updating of the earlier Kangxi Atlas. Map composed of 99 sheets divided into ten equal horizontal rows, hence the name Yongzheng [Period] in Ten Rows 十排圖."

References:
Theodore N. Foss, “A Western Interpretation of China: Jesuit Cartography” in East Meets West (1988), pp. 109-251.
Endymion Wilkinson, Chinese history, a manual (2000), p. 148.
Joseph Needham, Science & civilisation in China (1954), v. 3, pp. 583-586.
N. Standaert, Handbook of Christianity in China (2001), p. 700, 759-763.
J.B. Harley and David Woodward. The history of cartography (1987), v. 2.2
Ad Dudink & Nicolas Standaert, Chinese Christian Texts Database (CCT-Database)