Renwen zhuyi xuezhe Yilasimo : lun qi shengping, ji yü Mading  Lude de ziyou yizhi wenti lunbian 人文主義學者伊拉斯謨——論其生平、及與馬丁 · 路德的自由意志問題論辯 = The Humanist Scholar Erasmus：On His Life and the Debate with Martin Luther on the Issue of Free Will / by Dou Haodong 竇皓東

Published in Guoxue yu xixue 國學與西學 = International journal of Sino-western studies, no.29 (2025) : 148-160.

Local access dig.pdf [Dou_Haodong_Renwen_zhuyi_xuezhe.pdf]

Abstract:

16 世紀的宗教改革不僅是對教會權威的挑戰，也是哲學、宗教實踐與社會倫理之間的深刻碰撞。馬丁·路德作爲改革的旗幟人物，推動了對教義和教會權威的激烈批判。然而，路德的改革背後不僅有深厚的神學背景，也與一批具有影響力的人文主義者有着複雜的關繫，其中尤以伊拉斯謨爲代表。伊拉斯謨和路德的思想分歧反映了文藝複興人文主義與宗教改革之間的根本性差異。兩人都關心教會的腐敗，但在如何改革教會和實現個人的道德修養方麵，伊拉斯謨主張理性、教育與溫和改革，而路德則主張徹底的教義革新和對教會權威的否定。本文探討了伊拉斯謨與路德在宗教改革中的思想衝突，分析了二者在自由意誌、救贖和教義問題上的分歧，揭示了他們的理論如何推動了宗教改革的不同走向，並影響了後世哲學和神學的髮展。

The 16th-century Reformation was not only a challenge to the authority of the Church but alsoaprofound collision between philosophy, religious practice, and social ethics. Martin Luther, as the figureheadofthe Reformation, led an intense critique of doctrine and church authority. However, behind Luther's Reformationwas not only a deep theological foundation but also a complex network of influential humanists, withErasmusbeing one of the most significant figures. The intellectual divergence between Erasmus and Luther reflectsafundamental divide between Renaissance humanism and the Reformation. Both were concerned withthecorruption of the Church, but while Erasmus advocated for rationality, education, and moderate reform, Luthercalled for a complete doctrinal overhaul and a rejection of ecclesiastical authority. This paper explorestheideological conflict between Erasmus and Luther, analyzing their disagreements on free will, salvation, anddoctrinal issues. It reveals how their theories shaped different trajectories for the Reformation and influencedthedevelopment of philosophy and theology in subsequent centuries.