Renxing de duanlie yü mihe : Aikehate yü Mading Lude de shen ren guanxi xueshuo 人性的斷裂與彌合——埃克哈特與馬丁 · 路德的神人關係學說 =  Rupture of Existence Eckhart and Luther's Doctrine of the Divine-Human Relationship / by Liu Ziyin 劉子茵

Published in Guoxue yu xixue 國學與西學 = International journal of Sino-western studies, no.29 (2025) : 177-187.

Local access dig.pdf [Liu_Ziyin_Renxing_duanlie.pdf]

Abstract:

馬丁·路德的因信稱義常被視爲宗教改革的標誌學説，但其基本邏輯與背後所隱含的存在的斷裂在埃克哈特處就已初見端倪。本文擬對比埃克哈特和路德在這一基本邏輯上各自髮展出的神人關繫學説，探討二人學説中體現的古今之間的共通與殊異。首先，埃克哈特和路德都以倒空自我作爲救贖的前提，並將這一轉變與恩典相聯繫；但埃克哈特將捨棄自我的能力視爲靈魂中的聖道，路德則把之歸因爲外部律法的功用。其次，埃克哈特將上帝的臨在視爲持續內在的，神人結合是靈魂拋卻個性向根基處的回返；路德則強調基督以不可感知的神秘方式降臨在信心之中，是以他的臨在並不帶來人本性上的改變，反而導緻了靈魂內部的分裂。這一內在本質的斷裂在經驗世界的延伸，則導緻基督教緻力維持的內外存在之聯結與經驗世界的意義遭到了挑戰，並提供了一種思考存在與曆史的新方式。

Luther’s doctrine of justification by faith has long been recognized as the defining theological principle of the Reformation, but the underlying mechanism of salvation and the rupture of human existenceit entails can be traced back to the thought of Master Eckhart. In view of it, this paper aims to comparethedoctrines of Eckhart and Luther to explore their similarities and differences. First, both Eckhart andLutherregard self-denial as a prerequisite for salvation and associate this transformation with grace. However, whileEckhart traces it to the operation of rational faculty illuminated by grace, Luther attributes it to the functionofthe law that revealing human sinfulness. Secondly, whereas Eckhart understood the presence of Godasanongoing interior reality and viewed divine-human union as the soul’s return to its origin, Luther emphasizedthat Christ descends through faith in an imperceptible and mysterious manner. As a result, divine presence doesnot transform human nature but instead introduces a profound division within the soul. The extension of this rupturewithin the inner nature to the external world challenges the consistency between human’s inner andouterexistence, as well as the meaning of history that Christianity normally seeks to uphold, which thus introducesanovel way of viewing existence and history.