TIP: Keep fit in old age. And keep moving to prevent muscle weakness and stiffness in your joints. ";
$q2 = "The best definition of pain is";
$q2choices = array("A negative sensation associated with abnormal test results or x-ray findings", "Whatever the patient says it is");
$q2answer = "Whatever the patient says it is";
$q2why = "The Joint Commission, the national hospital accreditation agency, defines pain as \"whatever the patient says it is.\" Many causes of pain cannot be seen on an x-ray or validated by a blood test. The patient's word is the gold standard.
TIP: There are many excellent pain rating scales that are used widely with children, adults, older adults, and those with language difficulties.
";
$q3 = "The vast majority of patients with chronic pain are men.";
$q3choices = array("True", "False");
$q3answer = "False";
$q3why = "Women suffer more pain from irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia, headaches, arthritis, and other chronic pain syndromes. Report signs of discomfort to a primary care provider or emergency department. Neither men nor women should ignore pain.
TIP: Back pain is one of the most common sources of discomfort in older adults. To avoid it, practice standing with good posture. That alone can prevent strain on the spine, while slouching can strain back muscles.
";
$q4 = "A person living with chronic pain is at risk for a variety of negative health outcomes.";
$q4choices = array("True", "False");
$q4answer = "True";
$q4why = "People living with chronic uncontrolled pain are at risk for depression, physical inertia, deconditioning from lack of exercise, increased blood pressure, and sleep disruption. Disabling chronic pain can keep you from enjoying life. It should always be treated.
TIP: If you are overweight, try losing a few pounds. Extra weight puts a strain on your back, hips, and knees, and it can contribute to the development of high blood pressure and diabetes. A sensible diet and moderate exercise, such as walking, can help you shed those unwanted pounds.
";
$q5 = "About two-thirds of terminally ill patients suffer pain during the last months of their lives.";
$q5choices = array("True", "False");
$q5answer = "True";
$q5why = "Most patients suffer unnecessary pain and discomfort in the last month of life, either because they fear becoming addicted to pain medication or because their health care providers' awareness of pain intervention is inadequate. Pain assessment is difficult for vulnerable and frail older adults with depression, mental illness, Alzheimer's disease, or language difficulties after a stroke, as well as those inhibited by life-threatening illness. Special training is needed to do a good job, and more nursing and medical schools are now stepping up to the plate to offer this training.
TIP: Investigate community resources in your area. Ask about hospice or palliative care services so that you or your loved one can receive care from a physician or nurse who is an expert at providing care with a focus on quality of life and the easing of pain and suffering.
";
// answer responses
$rightorwrong = strtoupper ("Incorrect");
$correctanswer = strtoupper ("Correct");
$unaswered = strtoupper ("You did not answer");
$check = '
';
$cross = '
';
$empty = '
';
?>