Jiashan tushu 家山圖書 (Illustrated [instructions] of the Familial Mountain).
An early 20th century reproduction of the 1781 edition from the huge collectanea Siku quanshu 四庫全書 (Emperor's Four Treasuries). The Jiashan tushu is an illustrated manual of the ethics, etiquette, rites and ceremonies of the Confucian tradition based on Song manuals printed in the 12th century. Topics include proper manners and deportment, sacrifices, clothing, mourning rites, temple architecture, musical instruments, and much more. The original copy is held at the National Palace Museum library Wenyuange 文淵閣.

Reign Periods of the Ming and Ching Dynasties -- 1. The Crisis of the Confucian Order and Didactic Responses -- 2. Ritualist Ethics and Textual Purism in the Kang-hsi Reign -- 3. Lineage Discourse: Gentry, Local Society, and the State -- 4. Ancestral Rites and Lineage in Early Ching Scholarship -- 5. Ritual and the Classics in the Early Ching -- 6. Linguistic Purism and the Hermeneutics of the Han Learning Movement -- 7. Ritualist Ethics and the Han Learning Movement -- 8. Ritualism and Gentry Culture: Women and Lineage.

This pathbreaking work argues that the major intellectual trend in China from the seventeenth through the early nineteenth century was Confucian ritualism as expressed in ethics, classical learning, and discourse on lineage. The conquest of China by the Manchus and the establishment of the Ching dynasty in the mid-seventeenth century provoked both political and identity crises for Chinese intellectuals. As a result, they returned to the classical heritage in an intensified search for pure Confucian doctrine and a ritualist expression of cultural identity under alien rule. Through the performance of rites, especially those concerned with family and lineage, the early Ching scholars believed they could cultivate Confucian virtues and rebuild a social order broadly based on kinship organization.

The quest for pure Confucian doctrine and rituals resulted not only in the revival of the exegetical tradition of Sung neo-Confucians in the early Ching, but also the rise of the Han learning movement in the mid-eighteenth century. Within the ritualist framework, many Confucian literati re-examined their role in relation to the Confucian heritage, the imperial state, and the common people.

Despite the growing centralization of power, the imperial state had to rely on the gentry to preserve order at the local level. Popular unrest, rebellion, and the swift collapse of local resistance to the Manchu conquest convinced many gentry of the need for a local institution that would unify society and allow the gentry to control and channel popular forces. They came to see lineage as the answer. The author shows how Confucian ritualism, with its emphasis on family and lineage, became a broad movement of social reform that emphasized conformity and clearly prescribed rules of behavior, expressed notably in the growing cult of patrilineal descent and female chastity. Through their manipulation of well-organized lineages, the gentry were able to achieve a dominant role in shaping and maintaining local order.

Illustrated handbook for performance of the rites and ceremonies of state during the Song dynasty (960-1279). Illustrations include musical instruments, articles of clothing, writing implements, weapons, banners from military and civilian offices, etc.