Keywords and terms: righteous war ; on violence, on "not fighting and subduing the enemy" ; hypotheses about Ming strategic decision making, Bingshu 兵書, Ming security problems along the northern border ; Seven Military Classics (Wujing 武經) Sunzi 孫子, Wuzi bingfa 武子兵法 ; Sima fa 司馬法 ; Wei Liaozi 尉繚子, Taigong liutao 太公六韜, Huangshigong sanlue 黃石公三略, Tang Taizong Li Wei Gong wendui 唐太宗李韋公問 對 ; Ming statecraft, wall-building, Fan Ji 范濟, Yu Qian 于謙, Wang Shu 王恕, Wang Shouren (Yangming) 王守仁 (陽明), Yang Yiqing 楊一清, Wang Qiong 王瓊, Zeng Xian 曾銑, Weng Wanda 翁萬達, Yang Jisheng 楊繼盛, Wang Chonggu 王崇古 ; Mongol strategems and tactics.
Glossary of Chinese military terms used to describe legitimate actions directed at an enemy, p. 270-273.

"Pinghulu 平胡錄 (first part of sixteenth century) ... Notes on the rise and fall of different insurgents during the last years of the Yuan dynasty and on the final overthrow of this dynasty by Zhu Yuanzhang...." Cf. Franke, An introduction to the sources of Ming history, p. 57 [2.3.10].
Pinghanlu 平漢錄 (16th century).....Record of Taizu’s suppression in 1363 of Chen Youliang 陳友諒 who had established in 1359 his kingdom of Han with his residence at Jiangzhou 江州 (Jiujiang 九江, Jiangxi)......Cf. Franke, An introduction to the sources of Ming history, p. 57 [2.3.13].
Pingwulu 平吳錄 (late 15th or early 16th century)..... Record of Taizu’s struggle against and final suppression in 1367 of Zhang Shicheng 張士誠, who had been ruling southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang since 1356.... Cf. Franke, An introduction to the sources of Ming history, p. 57 [2.3.9].

All references based on : Franke, W., An introduction to the sources of Ming history, with minor corrections. N.B. Zhu Qizhen 朱祁鎮, Ming Zhengtong 明正統, Temple name Yingzong 英宗.
Pitailu 否泰錄. (middle of 15th century)....Record of the events in Beijing and in the headquarters of the Oirat chieftain Esen from the beginning of the campaign in 1449 to the return of the captive emperor Yingzong in 1450....See p.60 [2.5.1]
Beishilu 北使錄.... Li Shi 李實, jinshi 1442. Narrative of the author’s personal experience; he went several times to the camp of Esen in order to negotiate the release of the captive emperor. It covers the time from the capture of the emperor in 1449 to his return to Beijing the following year. Other titles: Chushi lu 出史錄, Shibei lu 使北錄...See p. 60 [2.5.2]
Zhengtong linrong lu 正統臨戎錄. (middle 15th century)...Yang Ming 楊銘 (a Mongol with the original name Haming 哈銘)...Accounts of the captive Emperor Yingzong, whom Yang Ming together with Yuan Bin accompanied. The narrative is written in the colloquial language and is more detailed than that of Yuan Bin. A refacimento of this narrative in the literary language is the Zhengtong beishou shiji 正統北狩事蹟. It has, of course, much less value as a historical source. See p. 60 [2.5.3]
Beizheng shiji 北征事蹟 (1465)...Accounts of the campaign and events during the captivity of Emperor Yingzong, whom Yuan Bin as an officer of the Imperial Guard accompanied. According to Wada Sei, the text is based upon the report made by Yuan Bin but actually written by Yin Zhi 尹直 and submitted in 1465. See p. 60 [2.5.4]

The art of being governed :  everyday politics in late imperial China /  Michael Szonyi.

Includes bibliographical references (pages 245-290) and index.

Introduction. A Father Loses Three Sons to the Army : Everyday Politics in Ming China --  Part I.  In the Village.  A Younger Brother Inherits a Windfall : Conscription, Military Service, and Family Strategies --  A Family Reunion Silences a Bully : New Social Relations between Soldiers and Their Kin --  Part II.  In the Guard.  An Officer in Cahoots with Pirates : Coastal Garrisons and Maritime Smuggling --  An Officer Founds a School : New Social Relations in the Guards --  Part III.  In the Military Colony.  A Soldier Curses a Clerk : Regulatory Arbitrage Strategies in the Military Colonies --  A Temple with Two Gods : Managing Social Relations between Soldier-Farmers and Local Civilians --  Part IV. After the Ming.  A God Becomes an Ancestor : Post-Ming Legacies of the Military System --  Conclusion.

An innovative look at how families in Ming dynasty China negotiated military and political obligations to the state. How did ordinary people in the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) deal with the demands of the state? In The Art of Being Governed, Michael Szonyi explores the myriad ways that families fulfilled their obligations to provide a soldier to the army. The complex strategies they developed to manage their responsibilities suggest a new interpretation of an important period in China's history as well as a broader theory of politics. Using previously untapped sources, including lineage genealogies and internal family documents, Szonyi examines how soldiers and their families living on China's southeast coast minimized the costs and maximized the benefits of meeting government demands for manpower. Families that had to provide a soldier for the army set up elaborate rules to ensure their obligation was fulfilled, and to provide incentives for the soldier not to desert his post. People in the system found ways to gain advantages for themselves and their families. For example, naval officers used the military's protection to engage in the very piracy and smuggling they were supposed to suppress. Szonyi demonstrates through firsthand accounts how subjects of the Ming state operated in a space between defiance and compliance, and how paying attention to this middle ground can help us better understand not only Ming China but also other periods and places.

Read Introduction

Local access dig.pdf. [Szonyi-Art of being governed.pdf]

Zhang Sima ding Zhe erluan zhi 張司馬定浙二亂志 (after 1582)...."Record of the suppression of the insurrections of Ma Wenying 馬文英 and Yang Tingyong 楊廷用 in Zhejiang by Zhang Jiayun 張佳允 in 1582...."(2.8.1, p. 63).
Kanchu Bozhou shiqing shu 勘處播州事情疏 (1487)...."Extensive memorial of 1487 dealing with native troubles in the region of Zunyi 遵義, Guizhou, and the measures taken for their suppression during the second half of the Chenghua period"--(7.5.1., p. 216) in W. Franke, An introduction to the sources of Ming history.