薩克森選侯“堅毅者”約翰是德意志宗教改革歷史中的重要人物。約翰堅定地支持馬丁·路德，積極推動領地教 會建設，並在對外政策上聯合新教諸侯，促成新教聯盟的建立。他與路德的緊密合作爲領地政權的建設提供了理論基礎和 政治支持，使薩克森選侯領具有“屬靈-屬地”的特性，成爲 16 世紀德意志宗教改革的中心。約翰的政治活動爲新教諸侯領地研究提供了線索，也爲剖析近代早期神聖羅馬帝國的教俗關係提供範本。

 

Elector John the Steadfast of Saxony was a pivotal figure in the history of the German Reformation. A staunch supporter of Martin Luther, John actively promoted the establishment of a territorial church and forged alliances with other Protestant princes, contributing to the formation of a Protestant league. His close collaboration with Luther provided both the theoretical foundation and political support for the construction of territorial governance with both spiritual and secular dimensions. Under his leadership, the Electorate of Saxony became a central hub of the Reformation in 16th-century Germany. John’s political endeavors offer valuable insights into the governance of Protestant territories and serve as a model for analyzing the ecclesiastical-secular Relationships in the early modern Holy Roman Em