Continental China -- Maritime China -- Continental and maritime ideologies in conflict : the Ming Dynasty -- Emigration, smuggling, and piracy -- Imperial navies up to the Opium War -- The tottering imperial framework and naval self-strengthening -- The rush to modernize, 1874-94 -- Disaster at Yalu : the Sino-Japanese War, 1894-95 -- Reform and revolution : China's navy, 1896-1911 -- Dissension and decay, 1912-37 -- The navy and foreign relations, 1912-37 : part I -- The navy and foreign relations, 1912-37 : part II -- Tarnished traditions, lend-lease, and civil war, 1944-49 -- In the image of tradition : the Chinese navy, 1949-55 -- Modernization : Sino-Soviet naval cooperation, 1950-59 -- Ideology versus technology, 1956-59 -- Old traditions, modern practitioners : coastal control and the maritime militia -- Self-strengthening and the strategy debate, 1960-65 -- The navy and the great proletarian cultural revolution, 1966-68 -- The emergence of new strategic relationships, 1969-72 -- Political opposition and the ascendency of the maritime spirit, 1973-77 -- The neo-maritime spirit : directions and implications.